Minimal spheres of arbitrarily high Morse index (Q2494590)

This is a beautiful article related to a question of Pitts and Rubinstein, if embedded minimal surfaces of fixed genus in a three-manifold have bounded Morse index [see \textit{J. T. Pitts} and \textit{J. H. Rubinstein}, Applications of minimax to minimal surfaces and topology of \(3\)-manifolds, Geometry and partial differential equations, 2nd Miniconf., Canberra/Aust. 1986, Proc. Cent. Math. Anal. Aust. Natl. Univ. 12, 137--170 (1987; Zbl 0639.49030)]. The authors construct metrics for which there are embedded minimal spheres of arbitrarily large Morse index. The main result is the following. Theorem 1. On any three-manifold there exists a metric for which there are embedded minimal spheres of arbitrarily large Morse index. On the three-sphere it can be chosen to have non-negative Ricci curvature. The authors use techniques from \textit{W. Hsiang} and \textit{H. B. Lawson} [J. Differ. Geom. 5, 1--38 (1971; Zbl 0219.53045)]. They observe that their result is complementary to the result given in \textit{T. Colding} and \textit{N. Hingston}, [Duke Math. J. 119, No. 2, 345--365 (2003; Zbl 1059.53037)].