Additive maps preserving local spectrum (Q2501049)

Let \(X\) be a complex Banach space and let \(L(X)\) be the space of bounded operators on \(X\). Given \(T\in L(X)\) and \(x\in X\), denote by \(\sigma_T(x)\) the local spectrum of \(T\) at \(x\). In this paper, the authors prove that if \(\Phi: L(x)\to L(x)\) is an additive map such that \(\sigma_{\Phi(T)}(x)=\sigma_T(x)\) for all \(T\in L(x)\) and all \(x\in X\), then \(\Phi(T)=T\) for all \(T\in L(x)\). They also investigate several extensions of this result to the case \(\Phi:L(X)\to L(Y)\), where \(X\neq Y\), as follows: (1) If \(A\in L(X,Y)\) and \(\Phi\) is a surjective, linear map satisfying \(\sigma_{\Phi(T)}(Ax)=\sigma_T(x)\) for all \(T\in L(x)\) and all \(x\in X\), then \(A\) is invertible and \(\Phi(T)=ATA^{-1}\) for all \(T\in L(x)\). (2) Let \(B\in L(X,Y)\). If \(\Phi\) is a surjective, linear map satisfying \(\sigma_{\Phi(T)}(y)=\sigma_T(By)\) for all \(T\in L(X)\) and all \(y\in Y\), then \(B\) is invertible and \(\Phi(T)=B^{-1}TB\) for all \(T\in L(X)\). (3) Let \(S,T\in L(X)\) and let \(x\in X\). If \(\sigma_{S+R}(x)= \sigma_{T+R} (x)\) for every rank one operator \(R\in L(x)\), then \(Sx=Tx\).