Shafarevich's conjecture for CY manifolds I (Q2501370)

Fix a non-singular curve \(C\), and an effective divisor \(E\) on \(C\) such that all points on \(E\) are of multiplicity \(1\). Define \(\text{{Sh}}(C,E,Z)\) to be the set of all isomorphism classes of projective varieties \(\pi: \mathcal Z\to C\) with a fiber of ``type'' \(Z\) such that singular fibers occur only over \(E\). The general conjecture of Shafarevich asks: For which ``type'' of varieties \(Z\) and data \(C,E)\), is \(\text{{Sh}}(C,E,Z)\) finite? This paper studies an analogue of the Shafarevich conjecture, i.e., the finiteness of the families of polarized Calabi-Yau manifolds over a fixed Riemann surface with prescribed points of degenerate fibers, up to isomorphism. The finiteness is reduced to prove that the moduli space of maps of a Riemann surface to the moduli space of polarized Calabi-Yau manifolds with some additional properties is a finite set. The rigidity property plays an important role in their proof of the finiteness. The rigidity is checked by the Yukawa coupling. Condition: Suppose that \(\pi :{\mathcal{X}}\to C\) is a family of polarized Calabi-Yau manifolds over a Riemann surface \(C\). Let \(t_0\in C\) such that for \(M=\pi^{-1}(t_0)\), the following condition is satisfied: for any non-zero \(\phi\in H^1(M,T^{1,0}(M))\), \(\wedge^n \phi\neq 0\) in \(H^n(M,(\Omega_M^n)^*)\). Then the above family is rigid. (Here \(n\) is the dimension of \(M\).) In this paper, the moduli space of polarized Calabi-Yau manifolds and its Teichmüller space are studied. Theorem 1. The Teichmüller space \(\tilde T(M)\) of a Calabi-Yau manifold \(M\) exists, and it has a finite number of components, each of which is a non-singular complex manifold. Furthermore, over \(\tilde T(M)\), there exists a universal family of marked polarized Calabi-Yau manifolds, up to the action of a finite group of automorphisms which acts trivially on the middle cohomology. Theorem 2. There exists a finite cover \({\mathcal{M}}_L(M)\) of the coarse moduli space \({\mathfrak{M}}_L(M)\) of polarized Calabi-Yau manifolds such that \({\mathcal{M}}_L(M)\) is a non-singular quasi-projective variety and over \({\mathcal{M}}_L(M)\) there is a family of polarized Calabi-Yau manifolds. Applications of these results are then discussed. Let \((C;\,x_1,\dots, x_n)\) be a Riemann surface with marked points \(x_1,\dots,x_n\). Let \(S\) be the divisor \(x_1+\cdots+x_n\) on \(C\). Let \(M\) be a Calabi-Yau manifold, fixed once and for all. Define \(\text{{Sh}}(C;S,M)\) to be the set of all possible families \({\mathcal{X}}\to C\) of Calabi-Yau manifolds defined up to an isomorphism over \(C\) with fixed degenerate fibers over the points \(x_1,\dots,x_n\), where \({\mathcal{X}}\) is a projective manifold and the generic fiber is a Calabi-Yau manifold \({\mathbf{C}}^{\infty}\) equivalent to \(M\). Theorem 3. Suppose that the rigidity condition holds true for some fiber \(M_{\tau}\) of a family of Calabi-Yau manifolds over a fixed Riemann surface \(C\) with fixed points of degenerations. Then the set \(\text{{Sh}}(C;S)\) is finite. The proof is in two steps: the first step is to show that \(\text{{Sh}}(C,S)\) is a discrete set, and the second step is to show that for each \(\phi\in\text{{Sh}}(C,S)\) the volume of \(\phi(C)\) is bounded by a universal constant. Then it follows that \(\text{{Sh}}(C,S)\) is compact. Since \(\text{{Sh}}(C,S)\) is discrete, the compactness implies that it is in fact a finite set. Finally, counterexamples to the analogue of the Shafarevich conjecture are presented. Such an example is given by a non-rigid family of Calabi-Yau manifolds constructed from taking the product of non-isotrivial family of \(K3\) surfaces and a family of elliptic curves, and then passing to the quotients.