Arithmetic properties of \(q\)-Fibonacci numbers and \(q\)-Pell numbers (Q2501551)

The author investigates arithmetic properties of the \(q\)-Fibonacci numbers and the \(q\)-Pell numbers. Two \(q\)-analogs of the Fibonacci sequence were firstly introduced by \textit{I. Schur} in his proof of the Rogers-Ramanujan identities [Berl. Ber. 1917, 302--321 (1917; JFM 46.1448.02)]. One of Schur's \(q\)-Fibonacci sequences is given by \[ \mathcal F_0(q)=0,\quad \mathcal F_1(q)=1, \quad \mathcal F_n(q) = \mathcal F_{n-1}(q)+ q^{n-2} \mathcal F_{n-2}(q)\quad \text{if}\;n\geq 2. \] Here the author proves the following \(q\)-analogue of the well known congruences for Fibonacci numbers. For \(n\) an odd integer greater than 1 and not a multiple of 5, we have \[ \mathcal F_n (q) \equiv q^{((5-\alpha_n)n+1)/5 }\left( \frac{5}{n} \right) \pmod{\Phi_n(q)} \] and \[ \mathcal F_ {n+1}(q) \equiv \frac 12 \left( 1+ \left( \frac 5n \right) \right)\pmod{ \Phi_n(q)} \] where \((\frac\cdot n)\) is the Jacobi symbol, \(\Phi_n(q)\) is the \(n\)th cyclotomic polynomial in \(q\), and \(\alpha_n\) is the integer such that \(1\leq \alpha_n \leq 4\) and \(n \alpha_n\equiv 1\pmod 5\). Moreover, congruences for Schur's other \(q\)-Fibonacci sequence (where \(q^{n-2}\) in the definition is replaced by \(q^{n-1}\)), and for the two \(q\)-Pell sequences introduced by \textit{J. P. O. Santos} and \textit{A. V. Sills} [Discrete Math. 257, No. 1, 125--142 (2002; Zbl 1007.05017)] are proved.