The Eulerian generating function of \(q\)-derangements (Q2501554)

Let \(d_q(n,k)\) denote the number of \(n\times n\) matrices over the finite field \(\mathbb{F}_q\) for which the sum of the dimensions of their eigenspaces is equal to \(k\). The Eulerian generating function of \(d_q(n):=d_q(n,0)\), that is, of the number of eigenvalue-free \(n\times n\) matrices over \(\mathbb{F}_q\) (so-called \(q\)-derangements) has been well studied using tools as the rational canonical form and nilpotent matrices. The author gives the following Eulerian bivariate generating function for \(d_q(n,k)\) taking an elementary approach based on Möbius inversion: \[ \sum_{n,k\geq0} d_q(n,k)y^k\frac{x^n}{q^{n\choose 2}({\mathbf n})!}= \bigg(\sum_{n\geq0}(y-1)(y-q)\cdots(y-q^{n-1})\frac{x^n}{q^{n\choose 2}({\mathbf n})!}\bigg)^q \bigg(\sum_{n\geq0}q^{n^2}\frac{x^n}{q^{n\choose 2}({\mathbf n})!}\bigg). \]