Sharp estimates for the Ambrosetti-Hess problem and consequences (Q2502555)

The paper deals with the boundary value problem \[ -u''=\lambda u(t)+ g(u(t)), \quad u(0)=u(\pi)=0, \tag{1} \] where \[ g\in C(\mathbb{R}),\quad \lim_{| s| \to +\infty}g(s)/s=0. \tag{2} \] The authors show that the behaviour of bifurcation of solutions depends on an integral condition on \(g\). Particularly, they assume that there exists \(\widetilde g\) satisfying (2), \[ \lim_{| s| \to +\infty}\widetilde g(s)s^2=0,\quad \widetilde g(s)s\in L_1[0,\infty) \] and either \[ g(s)\geq\widetilde g(s), \;s\in [0,\infty),\quad \int_0^\infty \widetilde g(s)\,ds >0, \tag{3} \] or \[ g(s)\leq\widetilde g(s), \;s\in [0,\infty),\quad \int_0^\infty \widetilde g(s)\,ds <0. \tag{4} \] They prove that the bifurcation of solutions of problem (1) from \((\sigma_1,\infty)\) is to the left provided (3) holds and to the right provided (4) holds. Here, \(\sigma_1\) is the principal eigenvalue. An application to strongly resonant problems is given.