A difference version of Nori's theorem (Q2509869)

Let \(F = \mathbb{F}_{q}(s, t)\) be a function field in two variables over a finite field \(\mathbb{F}_{q}\) treated as a difference field \((F, \phi_{q})\) where \(\phi_{q}\) acts trivially on \(\mathbb{F}_{q}(t)\) and maps \(s\) to \(s^{q}\). The author proves that every semisimple simply-connected linear algebraic group defined over \(\mathbb{F}_{q}\) can be realized as a difference Galois group \(\mathcal{G}\) over \((\mathbb{F}_{q^{i}}(s, t), \phi_{q^{i}})\) for some \(i\in \mathbb{N}\). This result can be considered as a difference analog of Nori's theorem which states that \(\mathcal{G}(\mathbb{F}_{q})\) occurs as a (finite) Galois group over \(\mathbb{F}_{q}(s)\). The first part of the paper reviews the fundamentals of the difference Galois theory and introduces the notation used in the subsequent text. Then the author proves theorems that establish upper and lower bounds on the Galois group of a difference module over \((k(t), \phi_{q})\) that only depend on a representing matrix of the difference module. (\(k\) is a field containing \(\mathbb{F}_{q}\) with a fixed non-archimedean absolute value \(|\cdot|\).) The next part of the paper under review contains the proof of the main result of this work, Theorem 6.5: Let \(\mathcal{G}\leq \mathrm{GL}_n\) be a semisimple simply-connected linear algebraic group defined over \(\mathbb{F}_{q}\). Then for a suitable \(i\in \mathbb{N}\), there exists an \(n\)-dimensional difference module \(M\) over \((\mathbb{F}_{q^{i}}(s, t), \phi_{q^{i}})\) with a separable Picard-Vessiot ring \(R/\mathbb{F}_{q^{i}}(s, t)\) and corresponding Galois group scheme isomorphic to \(\mathcal{G}\) (as linear algebraic group over \(\mathbb{F}_{q^{i}}(t)\)). The last section of the paper introduces a concept of a pre-\(t\)-motive as a difference module over \((\bar{k}(t), \sigma)\). (\(\bar{k}\) is the algebraic closure of \(k\) contained in \(K\), where \(K\) is the completion of an algebraic closure of the completion of \(k\) with respect to \(|\cdot|\); \(\sigma\) is the inverse of the Frobenius.) In this section the author lifts the result of Theorem 6.5 from \(k(t)\) to \(\bar{k}(t)\) to obtain pre-\(t\)-motives with semisimple simply-connected Galois groups.