Groupoids and relations among Reidemeister and among Nielsen numbers (Q2512646)

The paper under review focuses on relations between the Reidemeister number of a map and that of its lift to a covering space. For a given map, one has an induced homomorphism \(\varphi\) on the fundamental group \(\pi\) and a restriction \(\varphi'\) on its subgroup \(\pi'\) corresponding to the covering. Together with the induced map \(\bar\varphi\) on the quotient group \(\bar{\pi}=\pi/\pi'\), there is a classical exact ladder containing two short exact sequences, in the form \(1\to \pi'\to \pi \to \bar\pi \to 1\), in horizontal direction. Consider the Reidemeister classes of these related homomorphisms, there is a so-called \(8\)-term exact sequence \(1\to Fix(\varphi')\to Fix(\varphi)\to Fix(\bar \varphi)\to \mathcal{R}(\varphi')\to \mathcal{R}(\varphi)\to \mathcal{R}(\bar \varphi)\to 1\). The first four terms are groups, while the others, except for the last trivial one, are not in general. Such a sequence was noticed by the author years ago [Pac. J. Math. 117, 267--289 (1985; Zbl 0571.55002)], and is treated here in very general context: coincidence theory. For example, the fixed point element group \(Fix(\varphi)\) is generalized into \(Coin(\varphi, \psi)=\{g\mid \varphi(g) = \psi(g)\}\). Based on this \(8\)-term exact sequence, the author obtains some general relations among Reidemeister numbers, as well as Nielsen numbers. Especially, some new averaging formulae are given in more general form, including some inequalities, of course in more general situations. Another application of his arguments lies in Nielsen theories of fibre-preserving maps. It should be mentioned that the reference listing in this paper is quite complete, where one can have a global picture of the sequences of events in this topic.