Frustration free gapless Hamiltonians for matrix product states (Q2514198)

In the paper the authors have shown how to construct new Hamiltonians for Matrix Product States (MPS), which are called uncle Hamiltonians. These uncle Hamiltonians share some of the properties of the parent Hamiltonian (frustration freeness, ground space) but have a completely different spectrum. Instead of having an energy gap above the zero energy space, they are gapless and their spectrum is \([0, \infty)\). Moreover it is shown how these uncle Hamiltonians are obtained by doing linear perturbations on the matrices defining the MPS, considering the parent Hamiltonian of the perturbed MPS and then making the perturbation tend to zero. The uncle Hamiltonian construction might have implications in the problem of classifying quantum phases of matter, due to the role the spectral gap has in this problem, and can provide new tools in order to get more precise classifications.