Polynomial approximation with doubling weights having finitely many zeros and singularities (Q2517313)

The aim of the paper is to prove direct and inverse theorems for polynomial approximation with doubling weights \(w\) having finitely many zeros and singularities on the interval \([-1,1]\) and not too ''rapidly changing'' away from these zeros and singularities. This class of doubling weights \(\mathcal{W}(\mathcal{Z})\) includes the classical Jacobi weights, generalized Jacobi weights and generalized Ditzian-Totik weights. In Section 2 are given several equivalent conditions guaranteeing that \(w\) is in \(\mathcal{W}(\mathcal{Z}).\) In Section 3 the main part weighted moduli and the weighted moduli as averaged moduli of smoothness are introduced. A relation between the degrees of local approximation by piecewise polynomials and the main part moduli is established in Section 4. The main direct result is proved in Section 5, and it is a Jackson type theorem with \(w \in \mathcal{W}(\mathcal{Z}),\) established in \(\mathbb{L}_{p}^{w}\) the space of all measurable functions \(f\) on \([-1,1]\) equipped with the (quasi)norm \(\| f \|_{p,w}=\left( \int_{-1}^{1} \, | f(u) |^{p} w(u) \, du \right)^{1/p} < \infty,\) \(0<p<\infty.\) Several Remez type and Markov-Bernstein type results are discussed in Section 6. Two crucial lemmas on local approximation of polynomials of degree \(<n\) by Taylor polynomials of degree \(<r\) are obtained in Section 7 (\(r\) is related to the order of the moduli of smoothness, and \(n\) is the degree of approximating polynomials in Jackson type estimates). The inverse theorems are established in \(\mathbb{L}_{p}^{w}\) in cases \(1\leq p<\infty\) and \(0<p<1,\) and are proved in Sections 9 and 10, respectively. Section 11 contains the equivalence of moduli and appropriate realization functionals.