Asymptotics of certain number-theoretic sums (Q2517992)

Let \(\theta\) be a quadratic irrationality. For \(s>1\), the two-sided following asymptotic estimates are known (see for instance [\textit{A. H. Kruse}, Acta Arith. 12, 229--261 (1967; Zbl 0153.07001)] and [\textit{S. Haber} and \textit{C. F. Osgood}, Pac. J. Math. 31, 383--394 (1969; Zbl 0203.35602)]): \[ \sigma_1(N,\theta,s)=\sum_{n=1}^N \frac{1}{<n\theta>^s}\asymp N^s,\;\;\sigma_2(N,\theta,s)=\sum_{n=1}^N\frac{1}{<n\theta>^sn^s}\asymp ln\;N, \] where \(<t>\) denotes the distance from \(t\) to the nearest integer. In the present paper the author solves the question of the asymptotics of a sum similar to \(\sigma_2(N,\theta,s)\), namely of the sum \[ \sum_{n=1}^N\frac{1}{(N^{1-s}+<n\theta>^s)n^s},\;s>1, \] where \(\theta\) is a quadratic irrationality such that \(\theta+\theta^\prime\in\mathbb Z\)\ (with \(\theta^\prime\) denoting the conjugate of \(\theta\)). The solution of this question is based on the knowledge of the asymptotic behaviour as \(h\to 0\) of sums of the form \[ S(h,M,s)=\sum_{(0,0)\not= (x,y)\in M}\frac{1}{(h^s+|x|^s)(h^s+|y|^s)}, \;s>1, \] where \(M\) is the lattice in the plane \(\mathbb R^2\) representing some complete module in a real quadratic field (for the method see [\textit{N. N. Osipov}, Vychisl. Tekhnol. 11, Spec. Iss. 4, 81--89 (2006; Zbl 1201.11091)]). Suppose here that \(a\theta^2+b\theta+c=0\) where \(a,b,c\) are coprime integers with \(a>0\). In the quadratic field \(\mathfrak R=\mathbb Q(\theta)\) consider the module \(\mathfrak M:=\{1,-\theta\}=\{m-n\theta : (m,n)\in\mathbb Z^2\}\). Let \(\mathfrak M_1=a\mathfrak M=\{a,-a\theta\}\) similar to the module \(\mathfrak M\) contained in the ring \(\mathfrak D=\{1,a\theta\}\). For an arbitrary natural number \(c\), let \(Q(c)\) defined by: \(\mu_j\in \mathfrak M_1, \;j=1,\dots, Q(c)\) is the fixed collection of pairwise non associated solutions of the norm equation \(|N_{\mathfrak R/\mathbb Q}(\mu)|=c\). The author has proved: Theorem: If \(\theta+\theta^\prime\in\mathbb Z\) then, as \(h\to 0\), the following estimate holds: \[ \sum_{n\geq 1}\frac{1}{(h^s+<n\theta>^s)n^s}= \frac{a^{2s}|\theta-\theta^\prime|^s}{ln\;\varepsilon}\sum_{c\geq 1}\frac{Q(c)}{c^s} ln\;h^{-1}+O(1), \] where \(\varepsilon>1\) is the fundamental unit of the order \(\mathfrak D=\{1,a\theta\}\). Corollary: If \(\theta+\theta^\prime\in\mathbb Z\) then, as \(N\to\infty\), the following estimate holds: \[ \sum_{n=1}^N\frac{1}{(N^{1-s}+<n\theta>^s)n^s}= \frac{a^{2s}|\theta-\theta^\prime|^s}{ln\;\varepsilon}\sum_{c\geq 1}\frac{Q(c)}{c^s} \nu \;ln N+O(1), \] where \(\nu=1-1/s\) and \(\varepsilon>1\) is the fundamental unit of the order \(\mathfrak D=\{1,a\theta\}\).