Asymptotics of certain number-theoretic sums

DOI10.1134/S0001434608030140MaRDI QIDQ2517992zbMATH OpenOpenAlexFDO

Authors Nikolay N. Osipov

Publication date 12 January 2009

Published in Mathematical Notes (Search for Journal in Brave)

Full work available at URL https://doi.org/10.1134/s0001434608030140

zbMATH Keywords

Dedekind zeta function Dirichlet series number theoretic sums quadratic irrationality

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Asymptotic results on arithmetic functions (11N37) Rate of growth of arithmetic functions (11N56)

Review text

Let \(\theta\) be a quadratic irrationality. For \(s>1\), the two-sided following asymptotic estimates are known (see for instance [\textit{A. H. Kruse}, Acta Arith. 12, 229--261 (1967; Zbl 0153.07001)] and [\textit{S. Haber} and \textit{C. F. Osgood}, Pac. J. Math. 31, 383--394 (1969; Zbl 0203.35602)]): \[ \sigma_1(N,\theta,s)=\sum_{n=1}^N \frac{1}{<n\theta>^s}\asymp N^s,\;\;\sigma_2(N,\theta,s)=\sum_{n=1}^N\frac{1}{<n\theta>^sn^s}\asymp ln\;N, \] where \(<t>\) denotes the distance from \(t\) to the nearest integer. In the present paper the author solves the question of the asymptotics of a sum similar to \(\sigma_2(N,\theta,s)\), namely of the sum \[ \sum_{n=1}^N\frac{1}{(N^{1-s}+<n\theta>^s)n^s},\;s>1, \] where \(\theta\) is a quadratic irrationality such that \(\theta+\theta^\prime\in\mathbb Z\)\ (with \(\theta^\prime\) denoting the conjugate of \(\theta\)). The solution of this question is based on the knowledge of the asymptotic behaviour as \(h\to 0\) of sums of the form \[ S(h,M,s)=\sum_{(0,0)\not= (x,y)\in M}\frac{1}{(h^s+|x|^s)(h^s+|y|^s)}, \;s>1, \] where \(M\) is the lattice in the plane \(\mathbb R^2\) representing some complete module in a real quadratic field (for the method see [\textit{N. N. Osipov}, Vychisl. Tekhnol. 11, Spec. Iss. 4, 81--89 (2006; Zbl 1201.11091)]). Suppose here that \(a\theta^2+b\theta+c=0\) where \(a,b,c\) are coprime integers with \(a>0\). In the quadratic field \(\mathfrak R=\mathbb Q(\theta)\) consider the module \(\mathfrak M:=\{1,-\theta\}=\{m-n\theta : (m,n)\in\mathbb Z^2\}\). Let \(\mathfrak M_1=a\mathfrak M=\{a,-a\theta\}\) similar to the module \(\mathfrak M\) contained in the ring \(\mathfrak D=\{1,a\theta\}\). For an arbitrary natural number \(c\), let \(Q(c)\) defined by: \(\mu_j\in \mathfrak M_1, \;j=1,\dots, Q(c)\) is the fixed collection of pairwise non associated solutions of the norm equation \(|N_{\mathfrak R/\mathbb Q}(\mu)|=c\). The author has proved: Theorem: If \(\theta+\theta^\prime\in\mathbb Z\) then, as \(h\to 0\), the following estimate holds: \[ \sum_{n\geq 1}\frac{1}{(h^s+<n\theta>^s)n^s}= \frac{a^{2s}|\theta-\theta^\prime|^s}{ln\;\varepsilon}\sum_{c\geq 1}\frac{Q(c)}{c^s} ln\;h^{-1}+O(1), \] where \(\varepsilon>1\) is the fundamental unit of the order \(\mathfrak D=\{1,a\theta\}\). Corollary: If \(\theta+\theta^\prime\in\mathbb Z\) then, as \(N\to\infty\), the following estimate holds: \[ \sum_{n=1}^N\frac{1}{(N^{1-s}+<n\theta>^s)n^s}= \frac{a^{2s}|\theta-\theta^\prime|^s}{ln\;\varepsilon}\sum_{c\geq 1}\frac{Q(c)}{c^s} \nu \;ln N+O(1), \] where \(\nu=1-1/s\) and \(\varepsilon>1\) is the fundamental unit of the order \(\mathfrak D=\{1,a\theta\}\).

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