Fourier series and the \(\delta ^2\) process (Q2519707)

Given a sequence \(\{s_n:n=0,1,\dots\}\) of numbers, set \[ t_n:= s_n-\frac{(s_{n+1} -s_n)(s_n-s_{n-1})}{(s_{n+1}-s_n)-(s_n-s_{n-1})}, \] and set \(t_n:=s_n\) if the denominator is zero. Two theorems are proved for the Fourier series \[ f(x)\sim \sum^\infty_{k=-\infty}\widehat f(k)e^{ikx},\qquad S_nf(x):=\sum^n_{k=-n}\widehat f(k)e^{ikx},\quad n=0,1, \dots \] Theorem 1. If \(f\in C^2([-\pi,\pi])\) and \(f(-\pi)\neq f(\pi)\), then the sequence \(t_n(x)\), formed by applying the above transformation to the sequence \(S_nf(x)\), diverges at every \(x\) of the form \(x=2\pi a\), where \(a\in[-.5,.5]\) is irrational. Theorem 2. Suppose \(f\) is as in Theorem 1 and \(x=2\pi j/k\), where \(j/k\) is in lowest terms and \(k\) is odd. Then \(t_n(x)\) has three limit points: \[ f(x)\quad\text{and}\quad f(x)\pm\frac{\alpha^2\sin^2(x/2)} {\alpha\sin(x/2)+2\beta\cos (x/2)}, \] where \[ \alpha:=[f(\pi)-f(-\pi]/\pi, \quad \beta:=[f'(\pi)-f'(-\pi)] \pi. \]