Spectral points of type \(\pi_{+}\) and \(\pi_{-}\) of self-adjoint operators in Krein spaces (Q2566078)

A point \(\lambda_0\) in the approximative point spectrum~\(\sigma_{\text{ ap}}(A)\) of a self-adjoint operator~\(A\) in a Krein space \(({\mathcal K},[\cdot,\cdot])\) is called the point of positive (resp., negative) type, if for every sequence \((x_n)\subset {\mathcal D}(A)\) with \(\| x_n\| =1\), \(n=1,2,\dots\), and \(\| (A-\lambda_0)x_n\| \to 0\) as \(n\to\infty\), we have \[ \liminf_{n\to\infty} [x_n,x_n] > 0 \qquad \bigr( \text{ resp.,}\quad \limsup_{n\to\infty} [x_n,x_n] <0\bigl), \] see \textit{P.~Lancaster, A.~S.\ Markus} and \textit{V.~I.\ Matsaev} [J.\ Funct.\ Anal.\ 131, 1--28 (1995; Zbl 0878.47021)] and \textit{H.~Langer, A.~Markus} and \textit{V.~Matsaev} [Math.\ Ann.\ 308, 405--424 (1997; Zbl 0879.47017)]. The authors modify this definition by only allowing sequences \((x_n)\) in some linear manifold of finite codimension and call such a \(\lambda_0\) the point of type \(\pi_+\) (resp., of type \(\pi_-\)). The main aim of the paper under review is the investigation of the spectral points of type \(\pi_+\) and \(\pi_-\) of a self-adjoint (possibly unbounded) operator~\(A\). It is shown that such points are stable under compact perturbations. The local structure of the spectrum of~\(A\) in a neighbourhood of a real point \(\lambda_0\) of type~\(\pi_+\) or \(\pi_-\) is investigated; in particular, a local spectral function with singularities is constructed and the growth of the resolvent \((A-\lambda)^{-1}\) near~\(\lambda_0\) is estimated.