On the Diophantine equation \(F(\binom{x}{n})=b\binom{y}{m}\) (Q2567418)

Let \(F\) be a polynomial in \(\mathbb Z[X]\), \(m,n\) be natural integers such that \(m\geq 2\), \(n\geq 1\) and \(b\) be a non-zero integer. The author studies the Diophantine equation \[ F\biggl(\begin{pmatrix} x \\ n\end{pmatrix} \biggr)=b \begin{pmatrix} y\\ m\end{pmatrix} \quad \text{with} \quad x,y\in \mathbb Z,\quad x\geq n,\;y\geq m.\leqno(1) \] The problem to decide whether the equation (1) has infinitely many solutions \((x,y)\) or not, has already been studied in the literature by many authors. For instance, when \(F\) is a linear polynomial \(aX\), Beukers, Shorey and Tijdeman have proved an ineffective finiteness result for this equation. The author has generalized their result when \(F=aX-c\) with \(c\in \mathbb Z\). Moreover, in case \(c=0\), for various particular values of \(m,n,a,b\), all the integer solutions of (1) have been determined. In case the degree of the \(F\) is a prime number \(p\), the author determines in this paper the pairs \((m,n)\) and the polynomials \(F\) for which the equation (1) may have infinitely many solutions.