Free analog of pressure and its Legendre transform (Q2568937)

The notion of free pressure for multivariate noncommutative random variables is introduced. This is an extension of the author's previous work [see \textit{F. Hiai, M. Mizuo} and \textit{D. Petz}, J. Math. Soc. Japan 54, No. 3, 679--718 (2002; Zbl 1033.46051)]. The paper consists of seven sections. After some preliminaries (Section 1), in Section 2 the notion of the free pressure \(\pi\) is defined and its several properties are proven. In Section 3, its Legendre transform \(\eta\) is studied. Section 4 derives the relations of \(\eta\) with Voiculescu's free entropy \(\chi\) [see \textit{D. V. Voiculescu}, Invent. Math. 118, No. 3, 411--440 (1994; Zbl 0820.60001)]. It is shown that \(\eta\geq\chi\), and they coincide if random variables are free independent. In Section 5, it is shown the equality also occurs, in the case of two variables \(a\) and \(b\), when \(a+ib\) is \(R\)-diagonal. In Section 6 a modification \(\pi^{(2)}\) of \(\pi\) is introduced. It is proven that the Legendre transform \(\widetilde\eta\) of \(\pi^{(2)}\) is equal to \(\chi\). In the last Section 7, the relation between the asymptotic behavior of the Boltzmann-Gibbs entropy of the Gibbs measure and \(\eta\) is considered.