A formula of conditional entropy and some applications (Q262076)

Let \((X,\mathcal{B},\mu,T)\) be a topological dynamical system, \(\mathcal{B}_\mu\) be the completion of \(\mathcal{B}\) under \(\mu\). There are various sub-\(\sigma\)-algebras \(\mathcal{A}\) of \(\mathcal{B}_\mu\), and each \(\mathcal{A}\) induces a disintegration \(x\mapsto \mu_x^{\mathcal{A}}\) of \(\mu\) that is \(\mathcal{A}\)-measurable and satisfies \(\int_X \mu_x^{\mathcal{A}} d\mu(x) =\mu\). For example, if \(\mathcal{A}\) only consists of \(T\)-invariant subsets, then \(\mu_x^{\mathcal{A}}\) gives the ergodic decomposition of \(\mu\). Generally speaking, the measures \(\mu_x^{\mathcal{A}}\) may not be \(T\)-invariant, see [\textit{M. Brin} and \textit{A. Katok}, Lect. Notes Math. 1007, 30--38 (1983; Zbl 0533.58020); \textit{D.-J. Feng} and \textit{W. Huang}, J. Funct. Anal. 263, No. 8, 2228--2254 (2012; Zbl 1267.37015)]. Still, the author is able to prove that the entropy \(h_{\mu_x^{\mathcal{A}}}(T)\) is well-defined for \(\mu\)-a.e. \(x\), and the conditional entropy \(h_\mu(T|\mathcal{A})\) equals to the averaged entropy \(\int_X h_{\mu_x^{\mathcal{A}}}(T) d\mu(x)\). The author gives two applications of his result. The first application is for the sub-\(\sigma\)-algebras \(\mathcal{A}=\pi^{-1}(\mathcal{B}_Y)\) induced by factors maps \(\pi:X\to Y\). The second application is for the Pinsker \(\sigma\)-algebra \(\mathcal{P}_\mu(T)\). More precisely, let \(W^s(x,T)\) be the (topological) stable set of \(x\), \(W^u(x,T)=W^s(x,T^{-1})\) be the (topological) unstable set of \(x\). Then \(h_{\mu_x^{\mathcal{P}}}(T) \leq h_{\mathrm{top}}^B(T, \overline{W^s(x,T)}\cap\overline{W^u(x,T)})\) for \(\mu\)-a.e. \(x\), where \(h_{\mathrm{top}}^B(T,\cdot)\) is \textit{R. Bowen}'s entropy on noncompact sets of dimensional type [Trans. Am. Math. Soc. 184, 125--136 (1974; Zbl 0274.54030)].