Constructing examples of semigroups of valuations (Q2630020)

This paper provides an effective and systematic construction of generating sequences for rational rank 1 valuations centered in regular local rings of dimension 3 and applies these to construct new examples of semigroups of valuations. A generating sequence for a valuation centered in a localization \(R\) of \(k[x,y,z]\) is a sequence of polynomials whose images in the graded ring \(\mathrm{gr}_{\nu} R:=\bigoplus_{i\in\Phi}\{f\in R\mid\nu(f)\geq i\}/\{f\in R\mid\nu(f)>i\}\), where \(\Phi\) denotes the valuation semigroup of \(\nu\), generate \(\mathrm{gr}_{\nu}R\) as \(R/m_R\)-algebra. In dimension 2, the construction of such sequences has been first done by \textit{M. Spivakovsky} [Am. J. Math. 112, No. 1, 107--156 (1990; Zbl 0716.13003)] and then analogous constructions have been done by other authors as \textit{C. Favre} and \textit{M. Jonsson} [The valuative tree. Berlin: Springer (2004; Zbl 1064.14024)]. The generating sequences given in this paper are formed by two families of polynomials: one family denoted by \(\{P_i\}\) and one denoted by \(\{T_i\}\). The first one is very similar to the construction of key polynomials given by Favre and Jonsson for \(k[x,y]_{(x,y)}\) but the second one does not appear in dimension 2. The author studies different properties of these generating sequences. In particular she investigates the polynomials which are redundant in these sequences. In a second part the author introduces a new sequence of polynomials, called defining polynomials. These are built from combinatorial data and define in a unique way a valuation on \(k[x,y,z]_{(x,y,z)}\). This sequence is also formed by two families, the first one being the family \(\{P_i\}\) introduced before. Then these sequences of defining polynomials are finally used to give new examples of semigroups of valuations.