Generic family with robustly infinitely many sinks (Q2630283)

A conjecture by \textit{C. Pugh} and \textit{M. Shub} [in: Proceedings of the 1st international conference on dynamical systems, Montevideo, Uruguay, 1995 -- a tribute to Ricardo Mañé. Harlow: Longman. 182--187 (1996; Zbl 0867.58049)] states (loosely) that a typical dynamical system has locally finitely many attractors. The author disproves this conjecture. Let \(M\) be a manifold and let \(k\) and \(d\) be nonegative. A property \(\mathcal{P}\) is ``valid for typical maps of \(C^r(M,M)\) in the \(C^d-k\)-Kolmogorov sense'' if for all generic families \((f_a)_{a\in\mathbb{R}^k}\) in \(C^d([-1,1]^k,C^r(M,M))\) for Lebesgue almost every \(a\) the map \(f_a\) satisfies \(\mathcal{P}\). The author then shows that for local \(C^r\)-diffeomorphisms (in case \(\dim M=2\)) or diffeomorphisms (in case \(\dim M\geq3\)) it is not true that a typical \(C^r\) dynamical system has finitely many attractors in the \(C^d\) \(k\)-Kolmogorov sense for all \(k\geq0\), \(0\leq d<r\leq\infty\) or \(2\leq d=r<\infty\). Even more precisely, if \(M,k,r\) and \(d\) are as above there exists an open set \(\hat{U}\subset C^d(\mathbb{R}^k\), \(C^r(M,M))\) and a Baire residual set \(\mathcal{R}\) in \(\hat{U}\) so that for every \(f\in U:=\{f_0|\, (f_a)_{a\in\mathbb{R}^k}\in\hat{U}\}\) the set \(\mathcal{R}_f:=\{(f_a)_a\in\mathcal{R}|\,f_0=f\}\) is generic in \(\hat{U}_f:=\{(f_a)_a\in\hat{U}|\;f_0=f\}\) and for every \(0<|a|<1\) the dynamics \(f_a\) has infinitely many sinks. The main ingredients in the proof are the concepts of paratangency and parablender. A \(C^d\)-paratangency is a quadratic tangency between two curves which is unfolded degenerately up to the order \(d\). A blender is a hyperbolic compact set such that for every curve \(\Gamma\) in a \(C^r\)-open set there is a local unstable manifold of the blender which is tangent to \(\Gamma\). Parablenders are defined only for families of local diffeomorphims. They give rise to robust homoclinic paratangencies.