Localization of invariant compact sets of families of discrete-time systems (Q2631220)

The article deals with a system \[ x_{n+1} = f(x_n,w) \] where \(f:X \times W \to X\) (\(X \subset\mathbb R^m\), \(W \subset\mathbb R^p\)) is a continuous function on \(X\) for each value of the parameter \(w \in W\). The parameter \(w\) can vary in the course of its evolution. A set \(M \subset X\) is called positively invariant if for each point \(x \in M\) the positive semitrajectory \(\{x_n\}\), \(n = 0,1,\dots\) with the initial condition \(x_0 = x\) is contained in \(M\). For a continuous function \(:X \to\mathbb R\) define the sets \[ \Sigma_\varphi^-(w_0)=\{x\in X:\varphi(f(x,w_0))-\varphi(x)\leq 0\}, \quad \Sigma_\varphi^+(w_0)=\{x\in X:\varphi(f(x,w_0))-\varphi(x) \geq 0\}, \] further, \[ \varphi_{\mathrm{inf}}(Q,w_0)=\inf_{x \in \Sigma_\varphi^+(w_0) \cap Q}\quad \varphi(x),\quad \varphi_{\sup}(Q,w_0) = \sup_{x \in \Sigma_\varphi^-(w_0) \cap Q}\quad \varphi(x), \] and \[ \Omega_\varphi(Q) = \bigcup_{w \in W} \{x \in Q:\;\varphi_{\text{inf}}(Q,w_0) \leq \varphi(x) \leq \varphi_{\sup}(Q,w_0)\}. \] The main result is the following: all invariant compact sets of the system under consideration that are contained in the set \(Q\) are also contained in the set \(\Omega_\varphi(Q)\). As an application the Helon system \[ x_{n+1} = a + by_n - x_n^2, \quad y_{n+1} = x_n \qquad (n = 0,1,2,\dots) \] is considered.