On the synchronization theory of Kuramoto oscillators under the effect of inertia (Q2631713)

The authors consider the Kuramoto model with inertia \[ m\ddot{\theta}_i+\dot{\theta}_i=\omega_i+\frac{K}{N}\sum_{j=1}^N\sin{(\theta_j-\theta_i)}. \] They prove three theorems. In the first they show that for a sufficiently small spread of natural frequencies, if the majority of oscillators have sufficiently similar initial positions and velocities, all oscillators will eventually have the same frequency, namely the average of the $\omega_i$. The second theorem concerns identical oscillators. They show that if all oscillators have sufficiently similar initial positions and velocities, all oscillators will eventually have the same phase. The third theorem concerns the case of $N=3$ oscillators. The authors show that for a sufficiently small spread of natural frequencies, the oscillators will eventually have the same frequency irrespective of the initial conditions. A number of numerical experiments verifying their findings are shown.