Discrete nonselfadjoint second-order two-point problems at resonance (Q2632562)

Let $T > 2$ be an integer, $\mathbb{T} = \left\{1, 2, \ldots , T \right\}$. The authors consider the discrete nonlinear two-point boundary value problem at resonance, that is, \[ L u(j) = \nu_{1} u(j) + g(u(j)) - e(j), \qquad j \in \mathbb{T},\tag{1} \] with \(u(0) = u(T + 1) = 0\) and \[ L u(j) = \begin{cases} -\Delta^{2}u(j - 1) + b(j)\Delta u(j) + a_{0}(j)u(j) & j \in \mathbb{T}, \\ 0, & j \in \left\{0, T + 1\right\}. \end{cases} \] Here $b, e : \mathbb{T}\to \mathbb{R}$, $a_{0} : \mathbb{T}\to [0, \infty)$, $\nu_{1}$ is the principal eigenvalue of \(L\). They show that there exists a constant $d_{0} > \nu_{1}$, depending only on $b$ and $a_{0}$, such that if \[ \limsup_{|\xi|\to \infty}\dfrac{g(\xi)}{\xi} < d_{0} -\nu_{1}, \] and \[ \overline{g}(-\infty) \sum_{j=1}^{T} \Theta^{*} (j) < \sum^{T}_{j=1}\Theta^{*}(j)h(j) < \underline{g}(\infty) \sum^{T}_{j=1} \Theta^{*}(j), \] then (1) has at least one solution. Here, $\underline{g}(\infty) = \liminf_{\xi \to +\infty} g(\xi)$, $\overline{g}(-\infty) = \limsup_{\xi\to -\infty}g(\xi)$ and $\Theta^{*}$ is an eigenfunction of $L^{*}$ corresponding to the principle eigenvalue $\nu_{1}$.