Quantization in \(\ast\)-algebras and an algebraic analog of Arveson's extension theorem (Q2633890)

The paper is devoted to a key property of quasi operator spaces. Recall that a quasi operator space is defined to be a subspace of a unital $\ast $-algebra $\mathcal{A}$ (with its unit $e$), whereas by a quasi operator system, we mean a unital self-adjoint subspace of $\mathcal{A}$. The real vector space of all Hermitian elements from $\mathcal{A}$ is denoted by $\mathcal{A}_{h}$. An element $x\in \mathcal{A}_{h}$ is said to be positive if $x=\sum_{k=1}^{n}x_{k}^{\ast }x_{k}$ for some $\left\{ x_{k}\right\} \subseteq \mathcal{A}$. The set of all positive elements in $\mathcal{A}$ is denoted by $\mathcal{A}^{+}$, which is a cone. Recall that $\mathcal{A}^{+}$ is a separated ($\mathcal{A}^{+}\cap -\mathcal{A}^{+}=\left\{ 0\right\} $), unital (in the sense of $\mathcal{A-}e$ is absorbing all $\mathcal{A}_{h}$) and closed ($\left( \mathcal{A}^{+}\right) ^{-}=\bigcap _{\varepsilon >0}\varepsilon \left( \mathcal{A}-e\right) =\mathcal{A}^{+}$) whenever $\mathcal{A}$ is a multinormed $C^{\ast }$-algebra. In the general case of a unital $\ast $-algebra, none of these properties should be expected. Nonetheless, the concept of a bounded part of a unital $\ast $-algebra $\mathcal{A}$ plays a key role. Namely, an element $x\in \mathcal{A}$ is said to be bounded if $re-x^{\ast }x\in \mathcal{A}^{+}$ for some real $r>0$. The set of all bounded elements from $\mathcal{A}$ is denoted by $\mathcal{A}_{0}$, which is a unital $\ast $-subalgebra of $\mathcal{A}$ equipped with the $C^{\ast }$-seminorm $\left\Vert x\right\Vert =\inf \left\{ r\geq 0:x^{\ast}x\leq r^{2}e\right\} $. If $\mathcal{A=A}_{0}$ and $\mathcal{A}^{+}$ is a separated, closed cone, then the Hausdorff completion of $\mathcal{A}$ turns out to be a unital $C^{\ast }$-algebra. For a subspace $\mathcal{X\subseteq A}$, we can also define its bounded part to be $\mathcal{X\cap }\left[ \mathcal{X}\right] _{0}$, where $\left[ \mathcal{X}\right] $ is the unital $\ast $-subalgebra in $\mathcal{A}$ generated by $\mathcal{X}$. A quasi operator space $\mathcal{X}$ is said to be bounded if $\mathcal{X\subseteq A}_{0}$ for a certain unital $\ast $-algebra $\mathcal{A}$. In this case, we have the canonical inclusions $M_{n}\left( \mathcal{X}\right) \subseteq M_{n}\left( \mathcal{A}_{0}\right) =M_{n}\left( \mathcal{A}\right)_{0}$ of the matrix spaces, and $M_{n}\left( \mathcal{X}\right) $ possesses the related $C^{\ast }$-seminorm $\left\Vert x\right\Vert _{n}=\inf \left\{r\geq 0:x^{\ast }x\leq r^{2}e^{\oplus n}\right\} $, $x\in M_{n}\left( \mathcal{X}\right) $. The collection $\left\{ \left\Vert \cdot \right\Vert_{n}\right\} $ turns out to be a matrix seminorm on $M\left(\mathcal{X}\right) $, that is, $\mathcal{X}$ is a seminormed quantum space. The central result of the paper asserts that a vector space $\mathcal{X}$ is a bounded quasi operator space iff it is a seminormed quantum space. Finally, a version of Arveson's extension theorem, and quasi $\min $ and $\max $ quantizations are investigated.