The normal form of a system, close to a Hamiltonian system (Q2640019)

Consider the almost Hamiltonian system \((1)\quad \dot x=H_ y+f(x,y,\lambda),\dot y=-H_ x+g(x,y,\lambda),\) where \(\lambda =(\lambda_ 1,...,\lambda_{\ell})\) is a small parameter and for \(\lambda =0\to f=g=0\), (1) admits a family of periodic solutions \(H=h=const\) of the period \(\Pi\) (h). Using the local coordinates \(\rho\),\(\phi\) : \(\rho =H\), \(\phi =\omega t(mod 2\pi)\) on the cycle \(H=h\), where \(\omega =2\pi /\Pi\) and \(\tau =\omega t\), then (1) yields: \((2)\quad d\rho /d\tau =A(\rho,\phi,\lambda),\) \(d\phi /d\tau =1+B(\rho,\phi,\lambda).\) By the formal transformation of coordinates \[ (3)\quad \phi =\sigma +\Sigma^{(\ell)}a_ p(\sigma,\psi)\lambda^ p,\quad \phi =\psi +\Sigma^{(\ell)}b_ p(\sigma,\psi)\lambda^ p \] (where \(p=(p_ 1,...,p_{\ell})\) and \(\lambda^ p=\lambda_ 1^{p_ 1}...\lambda_{\ell}^{p_{\ell}})\), we get the so-called normal system \[ (4)\quad d\sigma /d\tau =\Sigma^{(\ell)}\alpha_ p(\sigma)\lambda^ p,\quad d\psi /d\tau =1+\Sigma^{(\ell)}\beta_ p(\sigma)\lambda^ p. \] Let A be the class \(A=\{\sigma,\psi,\lambda:\;\Sigma^{(\ell)}\alpha_ p(\sigma)\lambda^ p=0\}.\) Then, for the differentiation of periodic solutions of the system that for \(\lambda\to 0\) are convergent to the cycle \(H=h\), it is necessary to find all the solutions of (4) in A, for \(| \lambda |\) small and \(\sigma\) in a neighbourhood of h. For the elucidation of the structure of A it is necessary to calculate the values of \(\alpha_ p\) with \(| p| =| p_ 1| +...+| p_{\ell}|\). The calculation of the coefficients is difficult. In the paper it is pointed out that, for the system (1) with linear perturbation in \(\lambda\), the calculation of the coefficients \(\alpha_ p\) can be reduced to the calculation of some coefficients \(\alpha_{(1,...,\ell)}=^{(\Delta)}v_ n\) for different \(\ell =n\), \(n=1,2,... \). The first variation \(v_ 1\) was calculated by Pontryagin. In the paper the author gives \(v_ 2\) and \(v_ 3\) and shows a way to obtain \(v_ n\) for arbitrary n.