The biinvariant diagonal class for Hamiltonian torus actions (Q2642059)

The author gives a symplectic analogue of an important algebraic construction [see Ex. 3.18 and 3.19 in Chapter II of \textit{R. Hartshorne}, Algebraic geometry. Graduate Texts in Mathematics, 52. New York - Heidelberg - Berlin: Springer-Verlag (1977; Zbl 0367.14001) or Section 4.4 of \textit{J. E. Humphreys}, Linear algebraic groups. Corr. 2nd printing. Graduate Texts in Mathematics, 21. New York - Heidelberg - Berlin: Springer-Verlag (1981; Zbl 0471.20029)]: If \(X\) is a smooth projective scheme over \(\mathbb C\) of complex dimension \(n\) endowed with an algebraic action of an algebraic group \(G\) with generically trivial isotropy groups, then the image \(\Delta_G\) of the algebraic map \(f:X\times G\to X\times X\) defined as \(f(x,g)=(x, gx)\), defines a nonzero cohomology class \([\Delta_G]\in H^{2(n-\dim G)}_{G\times G}(X\times X; \mathbb Z)\), called the biinvariant diagonal class because it is invariant under the product action of \(G\times G\) on \(X\times X\). Precisely, let \((X, \omega)\) be a compact connected symplectic manifold of real dimension \(2n\), endowed with an effective Hamiltonian action of a compact tours \(T^k\). Let \(\mu\) be the moment map of this action and \(m\) be a regular value of it. Denote by \(Y_m\) the Marsden-Weinstein quotient of \(X\) at \(m\), and by \([\Delta_m]\in H^\ast(Y_m\times Y_m; \mathbb Q)\) the Poincare dual of the diagonal class. The Kirwan map is the morphism of rings \(\kappa_m: H^\ast_{T^k}(X;\mathbb Q)\to H^\ast(Y_m;\mathbb Q)\). Suppose that \(\kappa^2_m: H^\ast_{T^k\times T^k}(X\times X;\mathbb Q)\to H^\ast(Y_m\times Y_m;\mathbb Q)\) is the Kirwan map for the quotient of \(X\times X\) at \((m,m)\). Using the multivalued perturbation technique developed by \textit{K. Fukaya} and \textit{K. Ono} [Topology 38, No. 5, 933--1048 (1999; Zbl 0946.53047)] and \textit{J. Li} and \textit{G. Tian} [in: Topics in symplectic \(4\)-manifolds. 1st International Press lectures presented in Irvine, CA, USA, March 28-30, 1996. Cambridge, MA: International Press. First Int. Press Lect. Ser. 1, 47--83 (1998; Zbl 0978.53136)], the author constructs a nonzero equivariant cohomology class \([\Delta_T]\in H^\ast_{T^k\times T^k}(X\times X; \mathbb Q)\) such that \(\kappa^2_m([\Delta_T])=[\Delta_m]\). This allows to define a canonical right inverse of the Kirwan map.