The Picard-Lefschetz formula for \(p\)-adic cohomology (Q2642277)

In the present article the author constructs a \(p\)-adic analogue of the Picard-Lefschetz formula which describes the monodromy action in terms of its vanishing cycles. Let \(V\) be a discrete valuation ring of mixed characteristic with field of fractions \(K\) and residue class field \(k\). Furthermore let \(X\) denote an \(n\)-dimensional proper \(V\)-scheme whose generic fibre \(X_\eta\) is smooth and whose special fibre \(X_s\) has at most ordinary double points as singularities. Then for every \(q\) there exists a homomorphism \({\mathrm{sp}}^*\) mapping from the rigid cohomology of \(X_s\) to the algebraic de Rham cohomology of \(X_\eta\), which is an isomorphism for \(q\neq n,n+1\). For \(q=n,n+1\) there is a canonical exact sequence relating \(H^q_{\mathrm{rig}}(X_s)\), \(H^q_{\mathrm{dR}}(X_\eta)\) and a so-called ``vanishing cycle module'' \(\Phi_\Sigma = \bigoplus_{\sigma\in\Sigma} \Phi_\sigma\) whose dimension equals the number of ordinary double points on \(X_s\). On \(H^q_{\mathrm{dR}}(X_\eta)\) there exists the notion of a monodromy operator \(N\). In the case that \(X_\eta\) has a semistable model over \(V\) this \(N\) is defined via the Hyodo-Kato isomorphism by a corresponding operator on logarithmic crystalline cohomology. The author generalizes this notion to our non-semistable setting. Furthermore, he shows that the action of \(N\) on \(H^n_{\mathrm{dR}}(X_\eta)\) corresponds to a ``variation map'' \(\mathrm{Var}_\Sigma = \bigoplus_{\sigma\in\Sigma} \mathrm{Var}_\sigma\) on \(\Phi_\Sigma\) which can be described by means of a vanishing cycle, in analogy to the classical situation. The construction of \({\mathrm{sp}}^*\), \(\Phi_\Sigma\) and \(\mathrm{Var}_\Sigma\) can be outlined as follows: Let \(\tilde{X},\tilde{Y}\) denote the blowing-up of \(X\), \(Y\) at \(\Sigma\), with \(Y:=X_s\). After a quadratic base extension the exceptional divisor \(D_\sigma\) of \(\tilde{X}\rightarrow X\) at every \(\sigma\in\Sigma\) is a quadric in projective space, and \(C_\sigma:=D_\sigma \cap \tilde{Y}\) coincides with a hyperplane section. We define \(\Phi^q_\sigma := H^q_{rig}(D_\sigma\setminus C_\sigma)\), and our task is to construct a long exact cohomology sequence relating \(H^q_{\mathrm{rig}}(Y)\), \(H^q_{\mathrm{dR}}(X_\eta)\) and \(\bigoplus_{\sigma\in\Sigma} H^q_{\mathrm{rig}}(D_\sigma\setminus C_\sigma)\). In order to obtain such a sequence the author uses two different generalizations of Illusie's de Rham-Witt complex that were studied by \textit{O. Hyodo} and \textit{K. Kato} [in: Périodes \(p\)-adiques, Astérisque 223, 221--268 (1994; Zbl 0852.14004)]. The first one denoted by \(W_n \Omega^\bullet_Z(\log D)\) computes the logarithmic crystalline cohomology of a pair \((Z,D)\), where \(Z\) is a smooth \(k\)-scheme and \(D\) is a normal crossing divisor on \(Z\). The second one computes the logarithmic crystalline cohomology of a \(k\)-variety \(Y\) whose singularities are at most ordinary double points. These two complexes are combined in order to construct a short exact sequence \(0 \rightarrow K_Y \rightarrow WA^\cdot \rightarrow \bigoplus_{\sigma\in\Sigma} W \Omega^\bullet_{D_\sigma}(\log C_\sigma) \rightarrow 0\) which yields the desired cohomology sequence. Also the variation map \(\mathrm{Var}_\Sigma\) is constructed on the level of the complex \(W\Omega^\bullet_{D_\sigma}(\log C_\sigma)\). Elementary results on the rigid cohomology of quadric hypersurfaces are used to deduce the final result.