A characterization of projective weak Galois extensions. (Q2655777)

Let \(R\) be a commutative ring with 1, \(A\) an \(R\)-algebra with product \(\mu_A\) and unit \(\eta_A\), \(C\) a coalgebra with coproduct \(\delta_C\) and counit \(\varepsilon_C\). The category of left (resp. right) \(A\)-modules is denoted by \(_A\mathcal M\) (resp. \(\mathcal M_A\)), \(^C\mathcal M\) (resp. \({\mathcal M}^C\)) denotes the category of left (resp. right) \(C\)-comodules. A right-right weak entwining structure in \(\mathcal C\) is a triple \((A,C,\psi_R)\) where \(\psi_R\colon C\otimes A\to A\otimes C\) is a morphism such that (1) \(\psi_R\circ(C\otimes\mu_A)=(\mu_A\otimes C)\circ(A\otimes\psi_R)\circ(\psi_R\otimes A)\), (2) \(\psi_R\circ(C\otimes\eta_A)=(e^C_{RR}\otimes C)\circ\delta_C\), (3) \((A\otimes\delta_C)\circ\psi_R=(\psi_R\otimes C)\circ(C\otimes\psi_R)\circ(\delta_C\otimes A)\), (4) \((A\otimes\varepsilon_C)\circ\psi_R=\mu_A\circ(e^C_{RR}\otimes A)\), where \(e^C_{RR}=(A\otimes\varepsilon_C)\circ\psi_R\circ(C\otimes\eta_A)\colon C\to A\). Denote the category of right-right weak entwining modules \((M,\varphi_M,\rho_M)\) by \(\mathcal M_A^C(\psi_R)\), where \((M,\varphi_M)\) is a right \(A\)-module, \((M,\rho_M)\) is a right \(C\)-comodule, and \(\rho_M\circ\varphi_M=(\varphi_M\otimes C)\circ(M\otimes\psi_R)\circ(\rho_M\otimes A)\). Similarly, a left-left entwining structure in \(\mathcal C\) is a triple \((A,C,\psi_L)\) and the category of left-left weak entwining modules \(_A^C\mathcal M(\psi_L)\) are defined. Assume \((A,C,\psi_R)\) is a right-right weak entwining structure in \(\mathcal C\) such that \((A,\mu_A,\rho_A)\in|\mathcal M_A^C(\psi_R)|\), the objects of \(\mathcal M_A^C(\psi_R)\). Let \(\Delta^R_{A\otimes C}\colon A\otimes C\to A\otimes C\) by \(\Delta^R_{A\otimes C}=(\mu_A\otimes C)\circ(A\otimes\psi_R)\circ(A\otimes C\otimes\eta_A)\). Then \(\Delta^R_{A\otimes C}\) is an idempotent morphism and there exists an object \(A\square C\) and, \(i^R_{A\otimes C}\colon A\square C\to A\otimes C\), \(p^R_{A\otimes C}\colon A\otimes C\to A\square C\) such that \(\Delta^R_{A\otimes C}=i^R_{A\otimes C}\circ p^R_{A\otimes C}\) and \(id_{A\square C}=p^R_{A\otimes C}\circ i^R_{A\otimes C}\). Let \(\gamma_{A\square C}=p^R_{A\otimes C}\circ(\mu_A\otimes C)\circ(A\otimes \rho_A)\colon A\otimes C\to A\square C\). Then there exists a unique morphism \(\gamma_A^C\colon A\otimes_{A_C}A\to A\square C\) such that \(\gamma_A^C\circ q^A_C=r_{A\square C}\) where \(q^A_C\) is the coequalizer. Assume \(A\otimes{\underline{\;}}\) preserves coequalizers and \((A,\mu_A,\rho_A)\in|\mathcal M_A^C(\psi_R)|\). If \(\gamma_A^C\) is an isomorphism, then \(A\) is called a right weak \(C\)-Galois extension. This generalizes some concepts of Galois extensions as defined by Caenepeel, De Groot and others. Then the authors obtain a criterion under which the surjectivity of \(\gamma_A^C\) implies the bijectivity. Theorem. Let \((A,C,\psi_A)\) be a right-right weak entwining structure in \(\mathcal C\). Suppose \((A,\mu_A,\rho_A)\in|\mathcal M_A^C(\psi_R)|\). Consider the following statements: (i) \(\gamma_{A\otimes C}\colon A\otimes A\to A\square C\) splits in \(\mathcal M^C\). (ii) (ii-1) \(\gamma_A^C\colon A\otimes_{A_C}A\to A\square C\) is an isomorphism. (ii-2) \(\bigl(A,\varphi_A=\mu_A\circ(A\otimes i_C^A)\bigr)\) is relative projective in \(\mathcal M_{A_C}\), i.e., \(\varphi_A\colon A\otimes A_C\to A\) splits as \(A_C\)-module morphism. Then (ii) \(\Rightarrow\) (i). If \((A,C,\psi_A,\psi_L)\) is an invertible weak entwining structure in \(\mathcal C\) and the factorization \(s_C^A\colon A\otimes {A_C}\to(A\otimes A)_C\) of the morphism \(A\otimes i^A_C\) through the equalizer \(i_C^{A\otimes A}\) is an isomorphism, then (i) \(\Rightarrow\) (ii). Moreover, some results about weak Galois extensions and morphisms of weak entwining structures are obtained.