Singular initial value problems for scalar quasi-linear ordinary differential equations (Q2656264)

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Singular initial value problems for scalar quasi-linear ordinary differential equations
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    Singular initial value problems for scalar quasi-linear ordinary differential equations (English)
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    11 March 2021
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    The paper is devoted to singular initial value problems for implicit differential equations (IDEs) in the form \begin{align*} & g(x,u,u', \ldots, u^{(q-1)})\,u^{(q)} = f(x,u,u', \ldots, u^{(q-1)}), \\ & u^{(i)}(\bar x) = \bar u_i, \ \ \ i=0,1, \ldots, q-1, \end{align*} where \(g(\bar x, \bar u_0, \bar u_1, \ldots, \bar u_{q-1}) = 0\). The functions \(f\) and \(g\) are supposed to be (finitely or infinitely) smooth. The authors study the existence, the (non-)uniqueness and the regularity of one-sided and two-sided solutions of such initial value problems. Passing to the vector field generated by the considered IDE in the space of \((q-1)\)-jets, these problems can be reduced to the analysis of singular (stationary) points of smooth vector fields. If \(q>1\), then vector fields obtained in this way have non-isolated (and consequently, non-hyperbolic) singular points. Locally, all components of such a vector field belong to the ideal (in the ring of smooth functions) generated by two of them, and its singular points fill the center manifold of codimension two. A special attention is focused on IDEs of the second order in the form \[ g(x)u'' = f(x,u,u'), \ \ u(\bar x) = \bar u_0, \ \ u'(\bar x) = \bar u_1. \] where \(\bar x\) is a simple zero of the function \(g\). The interest to such equations is motivated by some problems arising in mathematical physics and differential geometry.
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    implicit differential equations
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    impasse points
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    singular initial value problems
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    Vessiot distribution
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    non-uniqueness of solutions
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