Singular initial value problems for scalar quasi-linear ordinary differential equations

DOI10.1016/J.JDE.2021.02.010MaRDI QIDQ2656264zbMATH OpenOpenAlexFDO

Authors Werner M. Seiler, Matthias Seiß

Publication date 11 March 2021

Published in Journal of Differential Equations (Search for Journal in Brave)

Full work available at URL https://arxiv.org/abs/2002.06572

zbMATH Keywords

impasse pointsimplicit differential equationsnon-uniqueness of solutionssingular initial value problemsVessiot distribution

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Implicit ordinary differential equations, differential-algebraic equations (34A09) Initial value problems, existence, uniqueness, continuous dependence and continuation of solutions to ordinary differential equations (34A12) Geometric methods in ordinary differential equations (34A26)

Abstract: We discuss existence, non-uniqueness and regularity of one- and two-sided solutions of initial value problems for scalar quasi-linear ordinary differential equations where the initial condition corresponds to an impasse point of the equation. With a differential geometric approach, we reduce the problem to questions in dynamical systems theory. As an application, we discuss in detail second-order equations of the form $g(x)u^{″}=f(x,u,u^{\prime })$ with an initial condition imposed at a simple zero of $g$. This generalises results by Liang and also makes them more transparent via our geometric approach.

Review text

The paper is devoted to singular initial value problems for implicit differential equations (IDEs) in the form \begin{align*} & g(x,u,u', \ldots, u^{(q-1)})\,u^{(q)} = f(x,u,u', \ldots, u^{(q-1)}), \\ & u^{(i)}(\bar x) = \bar u_i, \ \ \ i=0,1, \ldots, q-1, \end{align*} where \(g(\bar x, \bar u_0, \bar u_1, \ldots, \bar u_{q-1}) = 0\). The functions \(f\) and \(g\) are supposed to be (finitely or infinitely) smooth. The authors study the existence, the (non-)uniqueness and the regularity of one-sided and two-sided solutions of such initial value problems. Passing to the vector field generated by the considered IDE in the space of \((q-1)\)-jets, these problems can be reduced to the analysis of singular (stationary) points of smooth vector fields. If \(q>1\), then vector fields obtained in this way have non-isolated (and consequently, non-hyperbolic) singular points. Locally, all components of such a vector field belong to the ideal (in the ring of smooth functions) generated by two of them, and its singular points fill the center manifold of codimension two. A special attention is focused on IDEs of the second order in the form \[ g(x)u = f(x,u,u'), \ \ u(\bar x) = \bar u_0, \ \ u'(\bar x) = \bar u_1. \] where \(\bar x\) is a simple zero of the function \(g\). The interest to such equations is motivated by some problems arising in mathematical physics and differential geometry.

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Cited in

(9)

• Implicit differential equations near a singular point
• Singular initial value problem for certain classes of systems of ordinary differential equations
• A logic based approach to finding real singularities of implicit ordinary differential equations
• Geometric behavior of a class of algebraic differential equations in a complex domain using a majorization concept
• Singular normal form for a quasilinear ordinary differential equation
• No Chaos in Dixon’s System
• Singularities of quasi-linear differential equations
• The cross-ratio at singular points of geodesic flows in signature changing metrics
• Singularities of algebraic differential equations

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