On the Borel summability of WKB solutions of certain Schrödinger-type differential equations (Q2657125)

A linear equation of the Schrödinger type \[ \frac{d^2W}{d\xi^2}=(u^2+u\phi(\xi)+\psi(\xi))W \tag{1} \] admits formal solutions of the form \[ W^{\pm}(u,\xi)=\exp\left(\pm u\xi \pm \frac 12 \int^{\xi} \phi(t)dt\big) \big(1+\sum_{n=1}^{\infty}\frac{A^\pm_n(\xi)}{u^n} \right), \] called \textit{WKB solutions}, where \(u\) is a large parameter, \(\phi(\xi)\) and \(\psi(\xi)\) are holomorphic in a domain \(G\) \((\ni \xi)\), and \(A^{\pm}_{n}(\xi)\) are recursively given by \[ A^{\pm}_{n+1}(\xi)=-\frac 12\phi(\xi) A^{\pm}_n(\xi)\mp \frac 12 \frac{dA^\pm_n(\xi)} {d\xi} \mp \frac 12 \int^{\xi} \Big(\frac 14 \phi(t)^2 \mp \frac 12 \phi'(t) -\psi(t) \Big)A^{\pm}_n(t)dt \] with \(A^{\pm}_0(\xi)=1.\) This paper shows that, under certain conditions on \(\phi(\xi)\) and \(\psi(\xi)\), the expansions in the WKB solutions are Borel summable in well-defined subdomains \(\Gamma^{\pm}\) of \(G\), that is, \[ \exp\bigg(\pm u\xi \pm \frac 12 \int^{\xi}_{\alpha^{\pm}} \phi(t) dt\bigg) (1+\eta^{\pm}(u,\xi)) \,\,\,{\text with}\,\,\, \eta^{\pm}(u,\xi)=\int^{+\infty}_0e^{-ut} F^{\pm}(t,\xi)dt \] solve equation (1). Here \(F^{\pm}(t,\xi)=\sum_{n=0}^{\infty}A^{\pm}_{n+1}(\xi)(n!)^{-1}t^n\) are the convergent series called the Borel transformation; \(A^{\pm}_{n+1}(\xi)\) are determined by choosing the integration constants suitably; and for each \(\sigma>0\), \(\eta^{\pm}(u,\xi)\) admit uniform asymptotic expansions \(\sum_{n=1}^{\infty}A^{\pm}_n(\xi) u^{-n}\) as \(|u|\to +\infty,\) \(\text{Re} u>\sigma.\) Furthermore the error bounds of these asymptotic expansions are evaluated, and \(\eta^{\pm}(u,\xi)\) are also represented by factorial series expansions in \(u\). Finally to a radial Schrödinger equation and the Bessel equation, applications of the results are illustrated.