Dynamics and Darboux integrability of the \(D_2\) polynomial vector fields of degree 2 in \(\mathbb{R}^3\) (Q2657264)

In this paper, the authors investigate the global dynamics of 2-parametric 3-dimensional systems which are equivariant under the $D_2$ symmetric group, namely \[ x'=a x + y z, \quad y' = b y + x z, \quad z'=z+x y \] and \[ x'=a x + y z, \quad y' = b y + x z, \quad z'=z-x y. \] The main results of this investigation concern the Darboux integrability and the global behavior of the solutions at infinity of these 2-parametric systems. Summarizing, the authors show the following: \begin{itemize} \item[-] if \(a=b=1\) then both systems are completely integral, i.e. they have two independent first integrals; \item[-] if $(a,b) \in \mathbb R^2 \setminus \{(0,0), (1,1)\}$ then such systems have no Darboux first integrals. But under these conditions both systems admit some invariant algebraic surfaces that are very helpful in the study of the global dynamics at infinity of such systems. More precisely, there are 5 distinct possible phase portraits in the Poincaré disc for these two systems at infinity according to the choice of the parameters $a$ and $b$ in the set $(a,b) \in \mathbb R^2 \setminus \{(0,0), (1,1)\}$. \end{itemize}