Euler equation on a rotating surface (Q265902)

This is a very interesting and productive work. The author studies 2D incompressible Euler flows on a surface \(M\subset\mathbb{R}^3\) rotating about the \(x_3\)-axis at constant angular velocity \(\omega=-\frac{\Omega}{2}\), \(M\) is rotationally symmetric about \(x_3\)-axis and has positive Gauss curvature. The flows with the effect of Coriolis force are described by the Euler equations \[ \begin{cases} \frac{\partial u}{\partial t}+u\cdot\nabla u+\nabla p= \Omega\chi(x_3)Ju,\quad \text{div}\, u=0\quad x\in M,\quad t>0, \\ u(x,0)=u_0\quad x\in M. \end{cases} \] Here \(u(x,t)\) is the flow velocity, a tangent vector field to \(M\), \(p(x,t)\) is the pressure, \(J:T_xM\rightarrow T_xM\) is a counterclockwise rotation by \(90^\circ\), \(u_0\) is a given function. If \(M=S^2\) then \(\chi(x_3)=x_3\). The problem is a model of the behavior of atmosphere of a rotating planet. The following results are established in the paper. {\parindent=6mm \begin{itemize}\item[1.] If \(u_0\) is divergence-free and \(u_0\in H^s(M)\), \(s>2\), then the problem has a solution for all \(t>0\). \item[2.] If \(f\) is a zonal function then \(u=J\nabla f\) is a stationary solution to the problem. \item[3.] Estimates of time averages of solutions are established. \item[4.] The stability of stationary zonal solutions are studied using an Arnold-type approach. \item[5.] Some analytical and numerical results are presented for the case \(M=S^2\). \end{itemize}}