Euler equation on a rotating surface

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Abstract: We study 2D Euler equations on a rotating surface, subject to the effect of the Coriolis force, with an emphasis on surfaces of revolution. We bring in conservation laws that yield long time estimates on solutions to the Euler equation, and examine ways in which the solutions behave like zonal fields, building on work of B.~Cheng and A.~Mahalov, examining how such 2D Euler equations can account for the observed band structure of rapidly rotating planets. Specific results include both an analysis of time averages of solutions and a study of stability of stationary zonal fields. The latter study includes both analytical and numerical work.


This is a very interesting and productive work. The author studies 2D incompressible Euler flows on a surface \(M\subset\mathbb{R}^3\) rotating about the \(x_3\)-axis at constant angular velocity \(\omega=-\frac{\Omega}{2}\), \(M\) is rotationally symmetric about \(x_3\)-axis and has positive Gauss curvature. The flows with the effect of Coriolis force are described by the Euler equations NEWLINE\[NEWLINE\begin{cases} \frac{\partial u}{\partial t}+u\cdot\nabla u+\nabla p= \Omega\chi(x_3)Ju,\quad \text{div}\, u=0\quad x\in M,\quad t>0, \\ u(x,0)=u_0\quad x\in M. \end{cases}NEWLINE\]NEWLINE Here \(u(x,t)\) is the flow velocity, a tangent vector field to \(M\), \(p(x,t)\) is the pressure, \(J:T_xM\rightarrow T_xM\) is a counterclockwise rotation by \(90^\circ\), \(u_0\) is a given function. If \(M=S^2\) then \(\chi(x_3)=x_3\).NEWLINENEWLINEThe problem is a model of the behavior of atmosphere of a rotating planet. The following results are established in the paper. {\parindent=6mm \begin{itemize}\item[1.] If \(u_0\) is divergence-free and \(u_0\in H^s(M)\), \(s>2\), then the problem has a solution for all \(t>0\). \item[2.] If \(f\) is a zonal function then \(u=J\nabla f\) is a stationary solution to the problem. \item[3.] Estimates of time averages of solutions are established. \item[4.] The stability of stationary zonal solutions are studied using an Arnold-type approach. \item[5.] Some analytical and numerical results are presented for the case \(M=S^2\).NEWLINENEWLINE\end{itemize}}




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