The nonexpansive and mean nonexpansive fixed point properties are equivalent for affine mappings (Q2659583)

The existence of fixed points for nonexpansive and uniformly Lipschitzian mappings has been, and continues to be, intensively studied. In the article under review, the authors investigate the existence of fixed points for classes of mappings related to the above mappings under a process of averaging. Let \((C,d)\) be a metric space and call \(\alpha= (\alpha_1, \dots, \alpha_n)\) a {\textit{multi-index}} of length \(n\geq 2\) if each \(\alpha_j\geq 0\), \(\alpha_1 + \cdots+\alpha_n =1\), and \(\alpha_1, \alpha_n>0\). A function \(T:C\to C\) is a {\textit{mean Lipschitzian mapping with constant}} \(k>0\) if there exists a multi-index \(\alpha\) such that \( \sum_{j=1}^n \alpha_j d(T^jx, T^jy) \leq k d(x,y) \) for all \(x,y \in C\). When \(k=1\), \(T\) is said to be mean nonexpansive. The study of the existence of fixed points of mean nonexpansive mappings was initiated in an article by the second author and \textit{K. Goebel} [in: Fixed point theory and its applications. Proceedings of the 8th international conference on fixed point theory and its applications (ICFPTA), Chiang Mai, Thailand, July 16--22, 2007. Yokohama: Yokohama Publishers. 71--82 (2008; Zbl 1200.47072)]; and the authors in the current article consider the still open question of whether the fixed point property for nonexpansive mappings and the fixed point property for the larger class of mean nonexpansive mappings are equivalent properties for a closed bounded convex subset \(C\) of a Banach space. The authors' first main result is the relationship between the set \(Fix(T)\) of fixed points of a mapping \(T\) and the set \(Fix(T_\alpha)\) of fixed points of the related map \(T_\alpha\) defined by \(T_\alpha = \sum_{j=1}^n \alpha_j T^j\). To be specific, let \(C\) be a convex subset of a topological vector space \(X\) whose dual \(X^*\) separates points of \(X\), let \(T:C\to C\), and let \(\alpha\) be a multi-index. The authors prove that, under these conditions, \(Fix(T)\ne \emptyset\) if and only if \(Fix(T_\alpha)\ne \emptyset\) and there exists a point \(x\in C\) whose \(T\)-orbit is bounded and lies in \(Fix(T_\alpha)\). The authors' second main result addresses the open question stated above in the setting of affine mappings. The authors prove that, if \(C\) is a convex bounded subset of a Fréchet space and \(\alpha\) is any multi-index, then \(C\) has the fixed point property for affine nonexpansive mappings if and only if \(C\) has the fixed point property for affine \(\alpha\)-mean nonexpansive mappings. Finally, the authors extend the concept of mean Lipschitzian mappings to uniformly mean Lipschitzian mappings and prove results more general than the following: If \(C\) is a bounded convex subset of \(L_1[0,1]\) which is closed for the topology of almost everywhere convergence, then \(C\) has the fixed point property for affine uniformly mean Lipschitzian mappings whose uniform mean Lipschitz constants are less than \(2\).