Nonsemisimple quantum invariants and TQFTs from small and unrolled quantum groups (Q2664137)

It is by now part of the classical theory of quantum invariants that a non-degenerate premodular category generates quantum invariants of closed 3-manifolds (of ``Reshetikhin-Turaev type'' [\textit{N. Reshetikhin} and \textit{V. G. Turaev}, Invent. Math. 103, No. 3, 547--597 (1991; Zbl 0725.57007)]), while imposing a modularity condition on the category allows those invariants to be refined to a (2+1)-dimensional topological quantum field theory (TQFT) [\textit{V. G. Turaev}, Quantum invariants of knots and 3-manifolds. Berlin: Walter de Gruyter (2016; Zbl 1346.57002)]. Such a modular category arises from a suitable subcategory of representations of quantum groups associated with semi-simple Lie algebras, at roots of unity. There is another construction of 3-manifold invariants from quantum groups, namely the Hennings invariant (which can also be extended to a (2+1)-d TQFT) using right integrals on finite-dimensional Hopf algebras [\textit{M. Hennings}, J. Lond. Math. Soc., II. Ser. 54, No. 3, 594--624 (1996; Zbl 0882.57002)]. These notions were generalised to deal with the non-semisimple case in [\textit{F. Costantino} et al., J. Topol. 7, No. 4, 1005--1053 (2014; Zbl 1320.57016); \textit{M. De Renzi}, ``Non-semisimple extended topological quantum field theories'', Preprint, \url{arXiv:1703.07573}]. For abelian groups \(G\), \(Z\) (known as the \textsl{structure group} and \textsl{periodicity group}, respectively) and a small symmetric (invariant under inverse) set \(X\subset{}G\) (the \textsl{critical set}), a \textit{premodular \(G\)-category relative to} \((Z,X)\) is a ribbon linear category \(\mathcal{C}\) over a field \(k\), together with a compatible \(G\)-structure on \(\mathcal{C}\) (basically a \(G\)-grading), a free realisation \(\sigma:Z\to\mathcal{C}_0\) and a non-zero m-trace \(t\) on \(\hbox{Proj}(\mathcal{C})\) satisfying a generic semisimplicity condition (on \(G\backslash{}X\)) and a compatibility condition. Such a premodular \(G\)-category allows a \textsl{Kirby colour} \(\Omega_g\) (formal linear combination of objects) to be defined for each \(g\in{}G\backslash{}X\), as well as stabilization coefficients \(\Delta_\Omega,\Delta_{-\Omega}\in{}k\) (which take the place of the Gauss sums in the normalization of the \(\mathfrak{sl}_2\) (Witten-)Reshetikhin-Turaev invariant). A relative premodular category for which the stabilization coefficients are non-zero is said to be \textit{non-degenerate}. \par From every non-degenerate relative premodular category \({\mathcal C}\), a topological invariant \(N_{\mathcal C}\) of admissible triples \((M,T,\omega)\) can be constructed, known as the CGP (Costantino, Geer, Patureau-Mirand) invariant, where \(M\) is a closed 3-manifold, \(T\) is a \(\mathcal{C}\)-coloured ribbon graph and \(\omega\in{}H^1(M\backslash{}T,G)\) is a `compatible' cohomology class. Here the notion of admissible triple requires that every component of \(M\) contains either a `projective edge' of \(T\) or a `generic curve' for \(\omega\). The definition of the invariant is via surgery presentation of the manifold but there is a technical condition of computability on the presentation which complicates the construction -- arbitrary surgery presentations are not computable although computable ones exist for all admissible decorated closed 3-manifolds up to some change (`stabilization') in decoration. \par A \textit{relative modular \(G\)-category} is a relative premodular \(G\)-category which satisfies a stronger non-degeneracy condition, namely the existence of a `relative modularity parameter' \(\zeta_{\Omega}\in{}k^*\). This condition guarantees that the quantum invariant \(N_{\mathcal{C}}\) can be extended to a (1+1+1)-dimensional graded ETQFT (extended TQFT). \par The paper under review contains two main results. (1) If \({\mathfrak{g}}\) is a simple complex Lie algebra of rank \(n\) and dimension \(2N+n\), let \(U_q^H(\mathfrak{g})\) denote the corresponding `unrolled quantum group', a quantum deformation of the universal enveloping algebra of \(\mathfrak{g}\) at \(q=\exp{\frac{2\pi{}i}r}\) where \(r\in\mathbb{N}\) is odd (and not divisible by 3 when \(\mathfrak{g}=\mathfrak{g}_2\)). Denote by \(\mathcal{C}^H\) the full subcategory of finite dimensional representations of \(U_q^H\mathfrak{g}\) for which the action of \(H_i\) (generators of a Cartan subalgebra) are diagonal. \par The first main result of the paper is that \(\mathcal{C}^H\) is a relative modular category, extending the result of [\textit{N. Geer} and \textit{B. Patureau-Mirand}, Lett. Math. Phys. 108, No. 1, 117--140 (2018; Zbl 1387.16027)] where it is shown to be a relative premodular category. As a corollary there is a \(Z\)-graded 1+1+1-dimensional ETQFT extending the quantum invariants \(N_{\mathcal{C}^H}\) in which \(Z=\Lambda_R\cap(r\cdot\Lambda_W)\), where \(\Lambda_R\) is the root lattice and \(\Lambda_W\) is the weight lattice. \par (2) It was shown in [\textit{M. De Renzi} et al., Commun. Math. Phys. 362, No. 3, 855--907 (2018; Zbl 1402.57024)] that any finite-dimensional nondegenerate ribbon Hopf algebra \(H\) defines a topological invariant (renormalized Hennings invariant) \(H'_{\mathcal{C}}\) of admissible pairs \((M,T)\) of a closed 3-manifold \(M\) and \(\mathcal{C}\)-coloured bichrome graph \(T\subset{}M\) where \(\mathcal{C}\) is the ribbon category of finite-dimensional left \(H\)-modules. Under the additional condition that \(H\) is factorizable, \(H'_{\mathcal{C}}\) can be extended to a (2+1)-dimensional TQFT. \par In particular, for a simple complex Lie algebra \({\mathfrak{g}}\), if \(r\) is coprime to the determinant of the Cartan matrix of \({\mathfrak{g}}\), let \(\overline{\mathcal{C}}\) denote the category of finite dimensional representations of the small quantum group \(\overline{U}_q^H\mathfrak{g}\) at \(q=\exp{\frac{2\pi{}i}r}\) [\textit{G. Lusztig}, Geom. Dedicata 35, No. 1--3, 89--114 (1990; Zbl 0714.17013)]. The second main result of the paper identifies the associated renormalized Hennings invariant with the CGP invariant with trivial cohomology class, \[ N_{\mathcal{C}^H}(M,T,0) =H'_{\overline{\mathcal{C}}}(M,\overline{T}) \] for admissible \(\mathcal{C}^H_{[0]}\)-coloured ribbon graphs \(T\) in a closed 3-manifold \(M\), where \(\mathcal{C}^H_{[0]}\) is the full subcategory of \(\mathcal{C}^H\) (from (1) above) whose objects have all weights in \(\Lambda_R\), while \(\overline{T}\) is the image of \(T\) in which colours are mapped according to the forgetful functor \(\mathcal{C}^H_{[0]}\to\overline{\mathcal{C}}\). \par The authors point out that a recent generalization [\textit{M. De Renzi}, ``3-dimensional TQFTs from non-semisimple modular categories'', Preprint, \url{arXiv:1912.02063}] of the definition of the renormalizable Hennings invariant from the case of finite-dimensional factorizable ribbon Hopf algebras to arbitrary modular categories should allow significant generalization of the second result.