A comparison of positivity in complex and tropical toric geometry (Q2664636)

The paper establishes a correspondence between Lagerberg forms and currents on the tropicalization of a given toric variety \(X_\Sigma\), and the complex forms on \(X_\Sigma\) invariant by the torus action along with the corresponding currents. Given a fan \(\Sigma\subset\mathbb{R}^n\), one has an associated toric variety \(X_\Sigma\), with an action of the torus \((S^1)^n\subset(\mathbb{C}^*)^n\). The variety is endowed with the sheaf \(U\mapsto A^{p,q}(U)\) of complex \((p,q)\)-forms. The sheaf \(\bigoplus A^{p,q}\) naturally possesses a complex conjugation that exchanges \(A^{p,q}\) and \(A^{q,p}\). Forms fixed by the complex conjugation are called \textit{real forms}. The tropicalization of \(X_\Sigma\), abstractly constructed from \(\Sigma\), is a manifold with corners that is endowed with sheaves \(A^{p,q}\) that play the analog of the sheaves of \((p,q)\)-forms. These forms, called Lagerberg forms, are natural from the tropical point of view and were already considered by \textit{P. Jell} et al. [Adv. Geom. 19, No. 1, 101--130 (2019; Zbl 1440.14277)] to prove a tropical version of Poincaré duality. The tropical side lacks a complex conjugation, which is replaced by the \textit{Lagerberg involution}. Forms fixed by the Lagerberg involution are called \textit{symmetric}. The first result of the paper is to relate the tropical forms on the tropicalization of \(X_\Sigma\) to \((S^1)^n\)-invariant forms on \(X_\Sigma\) that are also invariant by a new involution \(F\) defined in the paper, in the sense that there exists a morphism from Lagerberg forms to the complex forms. Moreover, this morphism sends symmetric forms to real forms. In the tropical as well as the complex setting, the space of currents is the dual to the space of forms with compact support. There exists natural definitions of positivity for such currents, dual to the corresponding notion for forms. The second result of the paper is to prove that the tropicalization gives an isomorphism between the space of closed and positive Lagerberg currents on the tropicalization of \(X_\Sigma\), and the space of \((S^1)^n\)-invariant, \(F\)-invariant, closed and positive forms on \(X_\Sigma\). Furthermore, the closure and positiveness hypothesis cannot be removed.