Minimal non-invertible maps on the pseudo-circle (Q2665529)

The authors show that the pseudo-circles introduced by \textit{R. H. Bing} [Can. J. Math. 14, 113--128 (1962; Zbl 0101.15403)] admit a minimal non-invertible map. This result resolves a conjecture raised by \textit{H. Bruin} et al. [Colloq. Math. 95, No. 1, 123--132 (2003; Zbl 1082.37022)] in the negative. More specifically, the authors use as a main tool a variant of the Denjoy-Rees technique [\textit{A. Denjoy}, J. Math. Pures Appl. (9) 11, 333--375 (1932; Zbl 0006.30501); \textit{M. Rees}, J. Lond. Math. Soc., II. Ser. 23, 537--550 (1981; Zbl 0451.58022)], further developed in [\textit{F. Béguin} et al., Ann. Sci. Éc. Norm. Supér. (4) 40, No. 2, 251--308 (2007; Zbl 1132.37003)], combined with a detailed study of the structure of the pseudo-circle. This gives the first example of a planar one-dimensional space that admits both minimal homeomorphisms and minimal noninvertible maps. The main result of the paper is as follows: Theorem. There exists a homeomorphism \(f:A\to A\) with an invariant pseudo-circle \(Q\subset A\) such that \((Q,f)\) is minimal and there exists a pseudo-arc \(A\subset Q\) such that \(\lim_{|n|\to\infty}\) \(\operatorname{diam}(f^n(A))=0\). The authors provide a semi-conjugacy between two annulus homeomorphisms. The conclusion of this theorem is based on the existence of such a semi-conjugacy. Then they define a homeomorphism \(f\) on the closed annulus \(A\) which preserves a minimal invariant pseudo-circle \(P\). The authors conclude the paper with an interesting result: Theorem. There exists a continuous surjection \(g:A\to A\) with an invariant pseudo-circle \(P\subset A\) such that \((g,P)\) is minimal but is not one-to-one.