Stability properties of 2-lobed Delaunay tori in the 3-sphere (Q2665765)

In this paper, the authors study the constrained Willmore surfaces in the 3-sphere, i.e., conformal immersions \(f:M\to S^3\) from a Riemann surface \(M\) into the 3-sphere that are critical points of the Willmore energy \[W(f) =\int_M(H^2+1)dA \] under conformal variations, where \(H\) is the mean curvature and \(dA\) is the induced area form of \(f\). They show that the 2-lobed Delaunay tori are stable as constrained Willmore surfaces.