Müntz-Szàsz analogues for compact extensions of Heisenberg groups (Q2666008)

\textit{Ch. H. Müntz} [H. A. Schwarz-Festschr., Berlin, 303--312 (1914; JFM 45.0633.02)] proved the following generalization of Weierstrass approximation theorem. Suppose \(1\le p_1<p_2<\cdots\) is a sequence of natural numbers. The linear span of \(\{1,x^{p_1},x^{p_2},\ldots \}\) is uniformly dense in \(C[0,1]\) if and only if \(\sum_{k}p_k^{-1}=\infty\). \textit{O. Szász} [Math. Ann. 77, 482--496 (1916; JFM 46.0419.03)] sharpened and extended Müntz theorem to include cases where \(p_k\)'s are complex numbers and the uniform norm is replaced with the \(L^2\)-norm. In this paper, the authors give analogues of Müntz-Szász theorem for square integrable compactly supported functions on the semidirect product \(G_K=K\ltimes H_{2n+1}\), where \(K\) is a compact subgroup of the automorphisms of the Heisenberg group \(H_{2n+1}\). To this end, they rephrase the condition of Müntz--Szász theorem as an integral involving a family of coordinate functions depending upon parameters involved in the spectrum of the Plancherel measure of \(G_K\). Let \(0<\lambda_0<\lambda_1<\cdots \) be a sequence of real numbers, and \([\lambda_k]\) denote the integral part of \(\lambda_k\). Let \(\mathscr E=\{k: [\lambda_k ] \text{ is even}\}\) and \(\mathscr O=\{k: [\lambda_k ] \text{ is odd}\}\). Then \((\lambda_k)\) is said to be a Müntz-Szász sequence if both \(\mathscr E\) and \(\mathscr O\) are infinite and \[ \sum_{k\in \mathscr E}\lambda_k^{-1}=\sum_{k\in \mathscr O}\lambda_k^{-1}=\infty . \] Theorem 3.6 states the following: Suppose \(K\) is a connected compact subgroup of \(O(2n)\). For a strictly increasing sequence of positive numbers \((\lambda_k)\) to be a Müntz-Szász sequence, it is necessary and sufficient that the zero function is the only function \(f\in L_c^2(G_K)\) satisfying the condition \(I^\lambda_{\mathbf k}(f)(s,p,x)=0\), for almost every \(s\in K\), \(p,x\in \mathbb R^n\), and for any \(\mathbf k\in \mathbb N^{m+1}\). Here \(I^\lambda_{\mathbf k}(f)(s,p,x)\) is a suitably defined integral involving the function \(f\) and the parameters \(s,p\) and \(x\). Theorem 3.9 gives an analogue of Müntz-Szász theorem for general \(K\).