Pseudo-effective cones of projective bundles and weak Zariski decomposition (Q2667145)

Linear series are an important tool in the study of the geometry of rational maps from projective varieties \(X\). Nonempty linear series come from effective divisors on \(X\), while base-point-free linear series come from globally generated line bundles. In particular it is important to determine the effective and the base-point-free cones of divisors in the real Néron-Severi space \(N^1(X)\), and their closures the pseudo-effective \(\overline{\mathrm{Eff}}^1(X)\) and respectively nef \({\mathrm{Nef}}^1(X)\) cones. This problem is solved on projective bundles over curves by work of [\textit{Y. Miyaoka}, Algebraic geometry, Proc. Symp., Sendai/Jap. 1985, Adv. Stud. Pure Math. 10, 449--476 (1987; Zbl 0648.14006)], and generalized for cycles of arbitrary codimension in [\textit{M. Fulger}, Math. Z. 269, No. 1--2, 449--459 (2011; Zbl 1230.14047)]. In particular from the work of Miyaoka it follows that if \(E\) is a vector bundle on \(C\), then \(\overline{\mathrm{Eff}}^1(\mathbb P(E))={\mathrm{Nef}}^1(\mathbb P(E))\) if, and only if, \(E\) is semi-stable. This is further equivalent to a certain normalized relative \(\mathcal O(1)\) divisor being nef on \(\mathbb P(E)\). The normalization is aiming to make \(\deg E=0\), in which case the condition is simply that \(E\) is nef. This last equivalence is generalized to arbitrary dimension in [\textit{I. Biswas} and \textit{U. Bruzzo}, Int. Math. Res. Not. 2008, Article ID rnn035, 28 p. (2008; Zbl 1183.14065)]. There it is proved that given a vector bundle \(E\) on a projective variety \(X\), then \(E\) is slope semi-stable and the discriminant \(\Delta(E)\) vanishes if, and only if, the analogous normalized class is nef. This paper starts by investigating the first equivalence. Given \(X\) a projective variety and \(E\) a slope-semistable vector bundle with \(\Delta(E)=0\), the author's first result is that \(\overline{\mathrm{Eff}}^1(\mathbb P(E))={\mathrm{Nef}}^1(\mathbb P(E))\) if, and only if, \(\overline{\mathrm{Eff}}^1(X)={\mathrm{Nef}}^1(X)\). The proof relies on the above-mentioned result of [\textit{I. Biswas} and \textit{U. Bruzzo}, Int. Math. Res. Not. 2008, Article ID rnn035, 28 p. (2008; Zbl 1183.14065)]. The author also investigates the equivalence of nefness and pseudo-effectivity for cycles of codimension bounded above by the rank of \(E\), constructing examples on ruled surfaces and on surfaces of Picard rank 1. He also asks whether the converse holds, meaning if \(\overline{\mathrm{Eff}}^1(\mathbb P(E))={\mathrm{Nef}}^1(\mathbb P(E))\), does it follow that \(E\) is slope-semi-stable and \(\Delta(E)=0\)? However the tangent bundle to \(\mathbb P^n\) is a semi-stable counterexample with \(\Delta(T\mathbb P^n)\neq 0\) for all \(n\geq 2\). This first result serves as a base example of a variety where weak Zariski decompositions for pseudo-effective divisors exist trivially. The author then proves that (possibly nontrivial) weak Zariski decompositions exist on fiber products of projective bundles over a curve. The proof uses an inductive argument based on a coning construction coming from [\textit{M. Fulger}, Math. Z. 269, No. 1--2, 449--459 (2011; Zbl 1230.14047)].