A partial characterization of Hilbert quasi-polynomials in the non-standard case (Q2668218)

Let \(\mathbb{K}\) be a field, \(W = [d_1, \dots , d_k] \in \mathbb{N}_+^k\) , and let \(R = \mathbb{K}[x_1, \dots, x_k]\) be a \(W\)-graded polynomial ring, where each \(x_i\) is homogeneous of degree \(d_i\). Without loss of generality, one may assume that \(\textrm{gcd}(d_1,\dots,d_k)=1\) and let \(d=\textrm{lcm}(d_1,\dots,d_k)\). Suppose that \(I\subset R\) is a \(W\)-homogeneous ideal. It is well-known that there exists a unique quasi-polynomial \(P_{R/I}^W\) of period \(d\) such that, for all sufficiently large \(n\), the Hilbert function \(H_{R/I}(n) = P_{R/I}^W(n)\). The quasi-polynomial \(P_{R/I}^W\) is called the \emph{Hilbert quasi-polynomial} associated to \(R/I\), and is studied in detail here. For example, the periodicity of the coefficients of \(P_{R}^W\) is determined. As a corollary, \(P_R^W\) can be written as the sum of a polynomial of degree \(k-1\) and a rational quasi-polynomial of degree \(\delta-1\). Moreover, when this \(\delta\) is not big, closed formulae for the \((k-2)\)th and \((k-3)\)th coefficients of \(P_R^W\) are given. The last part of this paper is devoted to an algorithm for computing \(P_R^W\) and \(P_{R/I}^W\). Some recursive computations and interpolations are needed here.