On automorphism groups of idempotent evolution algebras (Q2669187)

Evolution algebras were first introduced by \textit{I. M. H. Etherington} [Proc. R. Soc. Edinb., Sect. B, Biol. 61, 24--42 (1941; Zbl 0063.01290), p.34] in order to study the dynamics of a diallelic system in strict selfing and without genetic mutation. An \(n\)-dimensional algebra \(\mathcal{E}\) over a field \(\mathbb{F}\) is an evolution algebra if it admits a basis \(\left(e_{1},\ldots,e_{n}\right)\) called a natural basis and a structure matrix \(A=\left(a_{ij}\right)\in\text{\textbf{M}}_{n}\left(\mathbb{F}\right)\) such that \[ e_{i}e_{j}=0\text{ if }i\neq j\;\text{and}\;\left(e_{1}^{2},\ldots,e_{n}^{2}\right)=\left(e_{1},\ldots,e_{n}\right)A. \] An evolution algebra \(\mathcal{E}\) is idempotent if \(\mathcal{E}^{2}=\mathcal{E}\). After recalling and revisiting results concerning automorphisms of evolution algebras, the authors show that if the characteristic of the field \(\mathbb{F}\) is 0, then for any given finite group \(G\), there exists a finite dimensional idempotent evolution algebra \(\mathcal{E}\) over \(\mathbb{F}\) such that \(\Aut\left(\mathcal{E}\right)\simeq G\). They also give the complete list of non-isomorphic \(n\)-dimensional evolution algebras whose automorphic group is the symmetric group \(S_{n}\). They end this paper by showing that if the field \(\mathbb{F}\) is algebraically closed of characteristic 0, all \(n\)-dimensional idempotent evolution algebra \(\mathcal{E}\) with maximal diagonal automorphism subgroup of \(\Aut\left(\mathcal{E}\right)\) are isomorphic to the cyclic group \(C_{2^{n}-1}\) of order \(2^{n}-1\) and \(\Aut\left(\mathcal{E}\right)\simeq C_{2^{n}-1}\rtimes C_{n}\).