Differentiable functions and their Fourier coefficients (Q2671474)

Let \((\varphi_n)\) be an orthonormal system on \([0,1],\) (ONS for short), and let \(f\in L_2:=L_2([0,1]).\) The Fourier coefficients of \(f\) with respect to \((\varphi_n)\) are defined by \[ C_n(f)=\int_{0}^{1}f(x)\varphi_n(x)dx,\ n=1,2,\dots. \] Problems related to specific sums involving these Fourier coefficients or the orthonormal system itself have been of interest in the literature. In the paper under review, the author discusses the finiteness of the series \[ \sum_{n=1}^{\infty}\frac{C_n(f)}{\sqrt{n}}, \] for an arbitrary \(f\in L_2\) and an arbitrary ONS: \((\varphi_n).\) For certain ONSs, this problem is well known and well established in the literature. In this paper, the author describes such orthonormal systems for which the above series converges for any function \(f\in C_{V}\); the class of functions whose derivatives are of bounded variation. For example, it is shown that if \((\varphi_n)\) is an ONS that satisfies \par i) \(\sum_{n=1}^{\infty}\frac{C_n(g)}{\sqrt{n}}<\infty,\) where \(g(x)=1,\ x\in[0,1]\). \par ii) \(\sum_{n=1}^{\infty}\frac{C_n(q)}{\sqrt{n}}<\infty,\) where \(q(x)=x,\ x\in[0,1]\). Then for any \(f\in C_V\), \[\sum_{n=1}^{\infty}\frac{C_n(f)}{\sqrt{n}}<\infty,\] provided that a certain growth condition is imposed on \((\varphi_n).\) Several related results and discussions are presented, in a way that makes the paper self-contained. The paper is well organized, with interesting results for researchers in this field.