The theorem of iterates for elliptic and non-elliptic operators (Q2672212)

The paper concerns the problem of the iterates in the frame of the ultradifferentiable functions. The functional frame is given by the classes introduced by \textit{A. Rainer} and \textit{G. Schindl} [Stud. Math. 224, No. 2, 97--131 (2014; Zbl 1318.26053)]. They are defined by weight matrices associated to ultradifferentiable scales, basic example being intersections of the standard Gevrey classes, cf. [\textit{O. Liess}, Ark. Mat. 14, 93--111 (1976; Zbl 0328.26009)]. These classes are very general, and recapture in particular the ultradifferentiable functions of \textit{R. W. Braun} et al. [Result. Math. 17, No. 3--4, 206--237 (1990; Zbl 0735.46022)]. The problem of the iterates, which has obtained renewed interest in recent years, is the following: given an operator \(P\) and a function \(u\) one assumes that the powers of \(P\) applied to u satisfy ultradifferentiable estimates. Can we conclude that \(u\) belongs to the corresponding ultradifferentiable class? The authors provide several results in their functional setting, for elliptic and non-elliptic operators \(P\), generalizing preceding contributions in literature. In particular, they improve the result of \textit{M. S. Baouendi} and \textit{G. Metivier} [Am. J. Math. 104, 287--319 (1982; Zbl 0496.35026)] concerning the non elliptic case of iterates of hypoelliptic operators of principal type. In the whole, the presentation of the authors is excellent, with many examples and detailed proofs.