Universal radial limits of meromorphic functions in the unit disk (Q2673868)

Let \(M(\mathbb{D})\) denote the space of meromorphic functions in the unit disk \(\mathbb{D}\), including the constant function \(\infty\). Then \(M(\mathbb{D})\), equipped with the topology of locally uniform convergence with respect to the chordal metric \(\chi\) on the Riemann sphere \(\mathbb{C}_\infty\), becomes a completely metrizable space. Moreover, let \(C(\mathbb{T})\) be the space of \(\mathbb{C}_\infty\)-valued continuous functions on the unit circle \(\mathbb{T}\), equipped with the uniform metric. Complementing several known results on universal radial limit behaviour of holomorphic functions, the following theorem in the setting of spherical universality is proved: There is a dense \(G_\delta\)-set \(\mathscr{U}\) of functions \(f\) in \(M(\mathbb{D})\) having the property that for each function \(\varphi \in C(\mathbb{T})\) and for each compact set \(L\subset \mathbb{D}\) there exists an increasing sequence \((\rho_\ell)\) in \([0,1)\) such that \[ \max_{(\zeta, z) \in \mathbb{T}\times L} \chi(f(\rho_\ell(\zeta-z)+z), \varphi(\zeta)) \to 0 \quad \mbox{ for}\quad \ell \to \infty. \] In addition, it is shown that any function \(f \in \mathscr{U}\) has maximal cluster set \(\mathbb{C}_\infty\) along each curve \(\gamma:[0,1) \to \mathbb{D}\) with \(\limsup_{r \to 1^-} |\gamma(r)|=1\), and that \(f\) cannot have deficient values. The proof of the main theorem hinges on a result due to Gauthier, Roth and Walsh concerning the equivalence of uniform spherical approximation and uniform norm approximation by rational functions on compact plane sets and on Mergelyan's theorem.