Boundedness of Calderón-Zygmund operators on ball Campanato-type function spaces (Q2674705)

The authors study appropriately defined Calderón-Zygmund operators on a variety of spaces, subsumed under the name ball Campanato-Morrey spaces. \(\mathcal{M}(\mathbb{R}^n)\) denotes the space of measures on \(\mathbb{R}^n\) and \(\mathfrak{B}(\mathbb{R}^n) = \{ B(x, r): x \in \mathbb{R}^n, \ \text{and} \ r \in (0, \infty) \}\) is the collection of all balls of arbitrary radius. Let \(X \subset \mathcal{M}(\mathbb{R}^n)\) be a quasi-normed linear space equipped with a quasi-norm \(|| \cdot ||_X\)which makes sense for all measurable functions on \(\mathbb{R}^n\). Then \(X\) is called a ball quasi-Banach function space on \(\mathbb{R}^n\) if it satisfies: (i) If \(f \in \mathcal{M}(\mathbb{R}^n)\), then \(||f||_X = 0\) implies that \(f = 0\) almost everywhere. (ii) If \(f , g \in \mathcal{M}(\mathbb{R}^n)\), then \(|g| \leq | f |\) almost everywhere implies that \(|| g ||_X \leq ||f ||_X\). (iii) If \(\{ f_m \}_{m \in N} \subset \mathcal{M}(\mathbb{R}^n)\) and \(f \in \mathcal{M}(\mathbb{R}^n)\), then \(0 \leq f_m \uparrow f\) almost everywhere as \(m \to \infty\) implies that \( || f_m||_X \uparrow || f ||_X\) as \(m \to \infty\). (iv) \(B \in \mathfrak{B}(\mathbb{R}^n)\) implies that \(\mathfrak{1}_B \in X\), where \(\mathfrak{B}(\mathbb{R}^n)\) is the above collection of balls, and \(\mathfrak{1}_B\) is the characteristic function of the ball. Moreover, a ball quasi-Banach function space \(X\) is called a ball Banach function space if it satisfies: (v) For any \(f , g \in X, f + g \in X, || f+ g||_X \leq ||f||_X + || g||_X\). (vi) For any ball \(B \in \mathfrak{B}(\mathbb{R}^n)\), there exists a positive constant \(C(B)\), depending on \(B\), such that, for any \(f \in X\), \[ \int_B |f(x)|\, dx \leq C(B) || f ||_X. \] The space \(X\) is said to be concave if for every sequence \(\{f_k\} \subseteq \mathcal{M}(\mathbb{R}^n)\), \[ || \sum_{k = 1}^{\infty} f_k ||_X \leq || \sum_{k = 1}^{\infty} |f_k| ||_X. \] Finally, for any \(s \in \mathbb{Z}_+, \mathcal{P}_s(\mathbb{R}^n)\) denotes the set of all the polynomials on \(\mathbb{R}^n\) with total degree not greater than \(s\); for any ball \(B \in \mathfrak{B}(\mathbb{R}^n)\) and any locally integrable function \(g\) on \(\mathbb{R}^n, P^{(s)}_B(g)\) denotes the minimizing polynomial of \(g\) with total degree not greater than \(s\), namely, \(P^{(s)}_B(g)\) is the unique polynomial \(f \in \mathcal{P}_s(\mathbb{R}^n)\) such that, for any \(P \in \mathcal{P}_s(\mathbb{R}^n)\), \[ \int_B [g(x) - f(x)] P(x)dx =0. \] Let \(X\) be a ball quasi-Banach function space, \(q \in [1, \infty), s \in \mathbb{Z}_+\). The Campanato space \(\mathcal{L}_{X, q, s} \), associated with \(X\), is defined to be the set of all \(f \in L^q_{\mathrm{loc}}(\mathbb{R}^n)\) such that \[ || f ||_{\mathcal{L}_{X, q, s}} = \sup_{B \in \mathfrak{B}(\mathbb{R}^n) } \frac{ | B |} { || \mathfrak{1}_B || } \left( \frac{1}{| B|} \int_B |f(x) - P_B^{(s)}f)(x) |^q \, dx \right) ^{1/q} < \infty. \] The spaces are defined modulo polynomials and a function is identified with its equivalence class modulo polynomials. The authors work with \(s\)-order Calderón-Zygmund operators, which are similar to one considered in Section 3.2 of [\textit{E. M. Stein}, Harmonic analysis: Real-variable methods, orthogonality, and oscillatory integrals. With the assistance of Timothy S. Murphy. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press (1993; Zbl 0821.42001)]; however, Stein defines operators that are convolution operators, while the authors consider operators defined as \[ Tf(x) = \int K(x, y) f(y) \, dy. \] with similar conditions on the derivatives of the kernel \(K\) in each variable. Denote \[ \partial^{\gamma}_{(1)}K(x,y) = \frac{ \partial^{| \gamma |}} {\partial_{x_1}^{\gamma_1} \ldots \partial_{x_n}^{\gamma_n}} K(x, y) \] with the obvious meaning for \[ \partial^{\gamma}_{(2)}K(x,y) = \frac{ \partial^{| \gamma |}}{\partial_{y_1}^{\gamma_1} \ldots \partial_{y_n}^{\gamma_n}} K(x, y) \] \(K\) is an \(s\)-order standard kernel with regularity \(\delta\) if there exists a constant \(C\) such that for any \(\gamma \in \mathbb{Z}^n_+\), with \(| \gamma | \leq s\), the following hold true: (1) For any \(x,y \in \mathbb{R}^n\) with \(x \ne y\), \[ |\partial^{\gamma}_{(2)}K(x,y) | \leq \frac{ C}{ |x - y|^{n + | \gamma |}}. \] (2) For any \(x,y \in \mathbb{R}^n\) with \(x \ne y\), \[ |\partial^{\gamma}_{(1)}K(x,y) | \leq \frac{ C}{ |x - y|^{n + | \gamma |}}. \] (3) For any \(x,y,z \in\mathbb{R}^n\) with \(x \ne y\) and \(|x - y| \geq 2|y - z|\), \[ | \partial^{\gamma}_{(2)}K(x, y) - \partial^{\gamma}_{(2)} K(x, z) | \leq C \frac{ | y - z |^{\delta} } { | x - y|^{n + |\gamma| + \delta}} \] and (4) the same inequality for derivatives in the \(x\) variable. The authors explain how to define \(\tilde{T}\), and prove that it maps \(\mathcal{L}_{X, q, s} \) into itself. They introduce \(H^1_X\), defined as in [\textit{C. L. Fefferman} and \textit{E. M. Stein}, Acta Math. 129, 137--193 (1972; Zbl 0257.46078)] by a maximal function, then define atoms and molecules for this space (which brings in the \(X,q,s\)) and prove that \(\tilde{T}\) maps atoms into molecules and that the dual of \(H^1_X\) is \(\mathcal{L}_{X, q, s} \). They then prove that \(\tilde{T}\) is the adjoint of \(T\) for \(s\)-order standard Calderón -Zygmund operators and use it to get the desired result for \(T\). A further refinement \(\mathcal{L}_{X, q, s, d} \), is discussed, but it has been shown in [\textit{X. Yan} et al., Front. Math. China 15, No. 4, 769--806 (2020; Zbl 1455.42013)] to agree with \(\mathcal{L}_{X, q, s} \) for concave ball quasi-Banach function spaces. The final sections explain the meaning of the result for weighted \(L^p\) spaces, variable \(L^p\) spaces, Orlicz spaces, Orlicz-slice spaces, Morrey spaces, mixed norm Lebesgue spaces, local generalized Herz spaces, and mixed Herz spaces.