Weak Hardy spaces associated with ball quasi-Banach function spaces on spaces of homogeneous type: decompositions, real interpolation, and Calderón-Zygmund operators (Q2134953)

Let \(({\mathbb X}, d,\mu)\) be a space of homogeneous type in the sense of \textit{R. R. Coifman} and \textit{G. Weiss} [Analyse harmonique non-commutative sur certains espaces homogènes. Etude de certaines intégrales singulières. (Non-commutative harmonic analysis on certain homogeneous spaces. Study of certain singular integrals.) Springer, Cham (1971; Zbl 0224.43006); Bull. Am. Math. Soc. 83, 569--645 (1977; Zbl 0358.30023)], and \(\mathcal M(\mathbb X)\) denotes the set of all \(\mu\)-measurable functions on \(\mathbb X\). A quasi-normed linear space \(X({\mathbb X})\subset \mathcal{M}({\mathbb X})\), equipped with a quasinorm \(\|\cdot\|_{X({\mathbb X})}\) which makes sense for all functions in \(\mathcal M({\mathbb X})\), is called a ball quasi-Banach function space on \({\mathbb X}\) if it satisfies the following conditions: (i) for any \(f\in \mathcal M({\mathbb X})\), \(\|f \|_{X({\mathbb X})} = 0\) if and only if \(f = 0\) \(\mu\)-almost everywhere. (ii) for any \(f, g\in \mathcal M({\mathbb X})\), \(|g|\le|f|\) \(\mu\)-almost everywhere implies that \(\|g\|_{X({\mathbb X})}\le \|f \|_{X({\mathbb X})}\). (iii) for any \(\{f_n\}_{n\in \mathbb N} \subset \mathcal M({\mathbb X})\) and \(f\in \mathcal M({\mathbb X})\), \(0\le f_n \uparrow f\) \(\mu\)-almost everywhere as \(n\to\infty\) implies that \(\|f_n\|_{X({\mathbb X})} \uparrow \|f\|_{X({\mathbb X})}\) as \(n\to\infty\). (iv) for any ball \(B \subset {\mathbb X}\), \(\mathfrak 1_B \in X({\mathbb X})\). Now, the following is the abstract of the authors' article. `` In this article, the authors introduce the weak Hardy space \(WH_X({\mathbb X})\) associated with \(X({\mathbb X})\) via the grand maximal function and characterize \(WH_X({\mathbb X})\) by other maximal functions and atoms. The authors then apply these characterizations to obtain the real interpolation and the boundedness of Calderón-Zygmund operators in the critical case. The main novelties of this article exist in that the authors use the Aoki-Rolewicz theorem and both the dyadic system and the exponential decay of approximations of the identity on \({\mathbb X}\), which closely connect with the geometrical properties of \({\mathbb X}\), to overcome the difficulties caused by the deficiency of both the triangle inequality of \(\|\cdot\|_{X({\mathbb X})}\) and the reverse doubling assumption of the measure \(\mu\) under consideration, and also use the relation between the convexification of \(X({\mathbb X})\) and the weak ball quasi-Banach function space \(WX({\mathbb X})\) associated with \(X({\mathbb X})\) to prove that the infinite summation of atoms converges in the space of distributions on \({\mathbb X}\). Moreover, all these results have a wide range of generality and, particularly, even when they are applied to the weighted Lebesgue space, the Orlicz space, and the variable Lebesgue space, the obtained results are also new and, actually, some of them are new even on \(RD\)-spaces (namely, spaces of homogeneous type satisfying the additional reverse doubling condition). ''