Calderón-Zygmund operators and commutators in spaces of homogeneous type: weighted inequalities (Q2678402)

The authors extend techniques that prove sharp bounds on Calderón-Zygmund operators (CZOs) to the context of spaces of homogeneous type. In some cases new proofs of results known in the Euclidean setting are incorporated using recently developed methods. A space of homogeneous type is defined by a triple \((X,\rho,\mu)\) where \(\rho\) is a quasi-metric on \(X\) (\(\rho(x,z)\leq \kappa (\rho(x,y)+\rho(y,z))\) for some \(\kappa>1\)), and \(\mu\) is doubling measure, (\(0<\mu(B(x_0,2r))\leq D_\mu \mu(B(x_0,r))\) for some fixed \(D_\mu\) independent of \(x_0\in X\) and \(r>0\)). A Calderón-Zygmund (CZ) kernel \(K:X\times X\setminus\{x=y\}\to \mathbb{R}\) is one that admits \(\eta>0\) and \(C<\infty\) such that \(\vert K(x_0,y)\vert \leq C/\mu(B(x_0,\rho(x_0,y))\), \(\vert K(x,y)-K(x_0,y)\vert \leq \bigl(\frac{\rho(x,x_0)}{\rho(x_0,y)}\bigr)^\eta\frac{C}{\mu(B(x_0,\rho(x_0,y))}\), and the same bound applies to \(\vert K(y,x)-K(y,x_0)\vert \). A CZO \(T\) is an \(L^2\)-bounded map that has a CZ kernel. Muckenhoupt \(A_\infty\)-weights \(w\) are defined in the usual way, with constants \([w]_{A_\infty}=\sup_Q\frac{1}{w(Q)}\int_Q M(w\chi_Q)\, d\mu\) and \([w]_{A_p}=\sup_Q m_Q(w) m_Q(w^{1-p'})^{p-1}\) where \(m_Q(f)=\frac{1}{\mu(Q)}\int_Q f\) and \(M\) is the maximal operator.\par Two main results are proved which have more tangible corollaries. A consequence of the first main result (Thm. 3.1) is the following (Cor. 3.2): Let \(T\) be a CZO and \(1<p<\infty\). If \(w\in A_\infty\) then \[\Vert Tf\Vert_{L^p(w)}\leq C pp'[w]_{A_\infty}^{1/p'}\Vert f\Vert_{L^p(Mw)}\] with a corresponding bound adding the factor \([w]_{A_1}^{1/p}\) if \(w\in A_1\). One also has the weak-type endpoint estimate (Cor. 3.4) \[ \Vert Tf\Vert_{L^{1,\infty}(w)}\leq C\log (e+[w]_{A_\infty})\Vert f\Vert_{L^1(M_rw)}\] for \(w\in A_\infty\), again with an additional corresponding factor \([w]_{A_1}\) in the same bound in the case \(w\in A_1\) (here \((M_rw)(x)=\sup_{x\in Q} (m_Q (w^r))^{1/r}\). The second main result provides a sharp \(L^2(w)\)-inequality from which one can extrapolate to the following weighted bound on a space of homogenous type when \(w\in A_p\): \[\Vert T\Vert_{L^p(w)}\leq C [w]_{A_p}^{1/p}([w]_{A_\infty}^{1/p'}+[\sigma]_{A_\infty}^{1/p})\] where \(\sigma=w^{-1/(p-1)}\).\par As a further corollary (Cor. 3.7) one has the commutator bound \[\Vert T_b(f)\Vert_{L^2(w)}\leq C[w]_2^{1/2}([w]_{A_\infty}+[\sigma]_{A_\infty})^{3/2}\Vert b\Vert_{{\text{ BMO}}}\Vert f\Vert_{L^2(w)}\,.\] The corollary is stated more generally for iterated commutators.\par Among techniques used are bounds of \(T\) by a suitable sparse operator \(T^S\), see \textit{T. C. Anderson} et al. [Publ. Mat., Barc. 59, No. 1, 17--43 (2015; Zbl 1310.42008)].