On the integer solutions of the Diophantine equations \(z^2=f(x)^2\pm f(y)^2\) (Q2678438)

Let \(f(x) \in \mathbb{Q}[x]\) be a degree \(\geq 2\) polynomial without multiple roots. Many authors considered the nontrivial integer solutions of Diophantine equations (1) \(z^2 = f(x)^2 + f(y)^2\) and (2) \(z^2 = f(x)^2 - f(y)^2\). A nontrivial solution \((x,y,z)\) of (1) (resp., (2)) means that \(f(x) f(y) \not= 0\) (resp., \(f(x) \not= \pm f(y)\), \(f(y) \not= 0\)). \par \textit{W. Sierpinski} [Rocz. Pol. Tow. Mat., Ser. II, Wiad. Mat. 7, 27--28 (1963; Zbl 0125.29402)] obtained infinitely many nontrivial positive integer solutions of (1) for \(f(x) =\frac{x(x+1)}{2}\). \textit{B. He} et al. [Bull. Aust. Math. Soc. 82, No. 2, 187--204 (2010; Zbl 1223.11034)] investigated the nontrivial integer solutions of (1) and (2) for some special quadratic and cubic polynomials \(f(x)\). \par The authors use the theory of Pellian equations to show that (1) and (2) have infinitely many nontrivial solutions for three classes of polynomials \(f(x)\in\mathbb{Z}[x]\) of any degree \(n\geq 2\), which extend the results of He et al.