Sufficient conditions for univalence of analytic functions (Q268038)

For an analytic function \(f\) in the unit disk \(\mathbb D=\{z:|z|<1\}\), Nehari found sufficient conditions for univalence expressed in terms of the Schwarzian derivative \(Sf=(f''/f')'-\frac{1}{2}(f''/f')^2\). In particular, for \(0\leq\mu\leq1\), Nehari mentioned \[ |Sf(z)|\leq2(1+\mu)(1-\mu|z|^2)(1-|z|^2)^{-2}, \] \[ |Sf(z)|\leq2(1-\mu^2)(1-|z|^2)^{-2}+2\mu(2+\mu)(1+|z|^2)^{-2} \] as examples for univalence criteria. The authors generalize both of these univalence criteria by a two-parametric criterion given in the following theorem. Theorem 2.1. For \(-1<x<1\) and real \(a\) and \(b\), denote \[ p(x)=2a\frac{1-2b+(1+2b-2a)x^2}{(1-x^2)^2}+2b\frac{1+2a-(1+2b-2a)x^2}{(1+x^2)^2}. \] Let \(a\) and \(b\) satisfy \[ \frac{1}{2}\leq a\leq1,\;\;\frac{-5-4a+\sqrt{25+48a}}{4}\leq b\leq a-\frac{1}{2}. \] If \(f(z)\) is an analytic function in \(\mathbb D\) satisfying \(|Sf(z)|\leq2p(|z|)\) in \(\mathbb D\), then \(f(z)\) is univalent in \(\mathbb D\). If the more restrictive conditions \[ \begin{aligned} \frac{1}{2}&\leq a\leq1,\\ \max\left\{a-1,\frac{-5-4a+\sqrt{25+48a}}{4}\right\}&\leq b\leq\min\left\{a-\frac{1}{2},\frac{-1+\sqrt{1+4a(1-a)}}{2}\right\}\end{aligned} \] are satisfied, then \(|p(z)|\leq p(|z|)\) in \(\mathbb D\) and the function \[ f_0(z)=\int_0^z\frac{(1+t^2)^{2b}}{(1-t^2)^{2a}}dt \] is an odd univalent function in \(\mathbb D\). Moreover, the condition \(|Sf(z)|\leq2p(|z|)\) in \(\mathbb D\) is sharp.